摘要
为了研究副热带高压(副高)背景下极端短时强降水系统的动力和云物理结构特征,利用厦门X波段双偏振相控阵雷达观测数据,采用多普勒雷达风场反演技术并结合高精度的地形数据,对2021年8月11日发生在厦门地区的一次极端短时强降水事件进行了分析。研究表明:(1)这次过程发生在副高控制之下,具有弱天气尺度强迫特征。地面辐合线促进了线状对流系统的形成,其后向传播过程导致了局地极端强降水的发生。(2)对流系统的中层存在大粒子累积区,大粒子的下泻导致雨强增大。倾斜上升(下沉)气流的配置使得大粒子的下泻不会影响上升气流,有利于对流系统的发展与维持。下沉气流与偏南气流相遇触发了上游对流系统的发展,形成后向传播。(3)在弱天气尺度系统背景下,局地地形对于降水系统的影响得以凸显。地形造成的低层辐合使得差分反射率因子(Z_(DR))、差分传播相移率(K_(DP))等双偏振参数在迎风坡处明显增大,且大值区在此处维持。更大、更浓密的降水粒子形成了极高的降雨效率。(4)暖雨过程和冰相过程在这次极端降水事件中并存,前者对雨水的形成起主导作用,冰相粒子的融化加速了这一进程。(5)强降水时雨滴的破碎和碰并趋于平衡,雨强的增大取决于雨滴浓度的升高。因此,K_(DP)可作为判断雨强是否增大的指标。(6)Z_(DR)柱与K_(DP)柱的演变对于地面雨强的变化具有预示性,特别是在持续降水过程中,Z_(DR)(K_(DP))柱的再度发展预示着降水系统的再次增强。
An extreme flash rain event that occurred in Xiamen under the background of subtropical high on 11 August 2021 is analyzed based on X-band dual-polarization phased array radar observations.Dynamic and microphysical characteristics of the precipitation system are analyzed using the Doppler radar wind field retrieval technique combined with high-precision topographic data.The study yields the following results.(1)The event took place under the control of the subtropical high with the characteristics of weak synoptic-scale forcing.The surface wind convergence line promoted the formation of a quasi-linear convective system(QLCS),and the back-building process of the QLCS led to local extreme precipitation event.(2)The updraft lifted the raindrops to the mid-level,forming a large particle accumulation layer.When it descended,the rain intensified.The configuration of inclined updraft and downdraft ensured that the falling of large particles would not suppress updraft,which is favorable for the development and maintenance of convective system.The downdraft triggered the development of the upstream convective system,forming a backbuilding process.(3)The impact of local terrain on the precipitation system was highlighted under the weak synoptic scale background.The low-level convergence induced by local terrain caused the polarization parameters such as differential reflectivity(Z_(DR))and specific differential phase(K_(DP))to increase significantly on the windward slope,and the large value area was maintained there.The larger denser precipitation particles produced extremely high precipitation efficiency.(4)The warm rain process and the ice phase process coexisted in this extreme precipitation event.The warm rain process played a major role in the formation of rain,and the melting of ice particles accelerated this process.(5)At high rain rate,the breakage and collision of raindrops tend to balance,and the increase of rain rate depends on the increase of raindrop concentration.Therefore,Z_(DR) can be used to determine whether the rain rate is increasing.(6)The evolution of the Z_(DR) and K_(DP) column is an appropriate index that can reflect the development of the surface rain rate.During a continuous precipitation process,the re-development of the Z_(DR)(K_(DP))column height occurs earlier than that of the precipitation system.
作者
潘佳文
彭婕
魏鸣
郑秀云
吴伟杰
高珊
吴举秀
蔡菁
PAN Jiawen;PENG Jie;WEI Ming;ZHENG Xiuyun;WU Weijie;Gao Shan;WU Juxiu;Cai Jing(Xiamen Key Laboratory of Straits Meteorology,Xiamen Meteorological Bureau,Xiamen 361012,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Fuzhou 350001,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,NUIST,Nanjing 210044,China;Fujian Meteorological Observatory,Fuzhou 350001,China;Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Atmospheric Sounding Technology Support Center,Shandong Meteorological Bureau,Jinan 250031,China;Longyan Meteorological Bureau,Longyan 364000,China)
出处
《气象学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期748-764,共17页
Acta Meteorologica Sinica
基金
福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01450、2021J01465、2022J011080)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MD052)
福建省气象局开放式基金项目(2021KXM02)
厦门市社会发展领域指导性项目(3502Z20214ZD4005)。
关键词
双偏振相控阵雷达
极端短时强降水
弱天气尺度背景
地形降水
Dual-polarization phased array radar
Extreme flash rain
Weak synoptic-scale background
Orographic precipitation