施肥对灌淤土土壤理化性质与设施黄瓜的影响

Effects of Fertilization on Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Greenhouse Cucumber in Irrigation and Silting Soil

以宁夏典型灌淤土为研究对象,分析氮肥减施与配施有机肥、秸秆对灌淤土壤理化性质、设施黄瓜生长指标及产量的影响,为宁夏灌淤土设施蔬菜的施肥管理提供理论依据。结果表明与常规施肥相比,有机肥+秸秆替代30%氮肥处理显著增加了土壤有机质、全磷、速效磷、速效钾含量,且减小了速效磷、速效钾含量在0~20 cm与20~40 cm土层之间的差异。有机肥+秸秆替代30%氮肥显著降低了土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量,与常规施肥相比分别降低了20.0%、11.7%、36.5%。有机肥+秸秆替代30%氮肥后,黄瓜叶片除了水分利用效率外的各光合指标均显著高于常规施肥处理,黄瓜株高、叶片数、瓜长、瓜粗分别比常规施肥增加了13.5%、7.8%、44.4%、27.3%。有机肥+秸秆替代30%氮肥处理的产量仅比常规施肥降低了4.5%。综合分析土壤理化性质、黄瓜形态和产量等指标,得出有机肥+秸秆替代30%氮肥为黄瓜施肥的最优处理。

Taking the typical irrigated and silted soil in Ningxia as the research object,this paper analyzes the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction,organic fertilizer and straw on the physical and chemical properties of irrigated and silted soil,the growth index and yield of protected cucumber,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the fertilization management of irrigated and silted soil protected vegetables in our region.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,the treatment of organic fertilizer/straw instead of 30%nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium,and reduced the difference between 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers.The content of soil total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen decreased significantly after organic fertilizer/straw replaced 30%nitrogen fertilizer,and decreased by 19.2%,11.2%and 36.4%,respectively compared with conventional fertilization.The photosynthetic indexes of cucumber leaves after organic fertilizer/straw replacing 30%nitrogen fertilizer were significantly higher than those of conventional fertilization.The plant height,leaf number,melon length and melon diameter of cucumber were also increased by 13.5%,7.8%,44.4%and 27.3%,respectively.The yield of organic fertilizer/straw instead of 30%nitrogen fertilizer treatment was only 4.5%lower than that of conventional fertilization.Through comprehensive analysis of soil physical and chemical properties,cucumber morphology and yield,it is concluded that organic fertilizer/straw instead of 30%nitrogen fertilizer is the best treatment for cucumber fertilization.