湿磨法玉米加工过程及副产物中的2种真菌毒素分布规律研究

Study on the Distribution of Two Mycotoxins in Corn Processing and By-Products During Wet-Milling

研究了湿磨法工业化生产玉米淀粉过程中不同浸泡时间的玉米、浸泡液,以及玉米淀粉、加工副产物中的呕吐毒素(DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的溶出及分布规律。结果显示,浸泡1 h的玉米样品DON含量达到1541.34μg/kg,超过了上料玉米的毒素含量(333.34μg/kg),此时的浸泡液DON含量最高,达到880.07μg/L;而浸泡玉米DON含量随浸泡时间延长迅速降低。在加工副产物中,玉米浆DON含量最高为8090.75μg/L,浸泡液和浸泡玉米中的ZEN含量变化较小。玉米加工副产物中ZEN分布比较均匀,喷浆玉米皮(386.14μg/kg)含量最高,其次为玉米浆(322.32μg/L)、玉米蛋白粉(269.8μg/kg)、玉米皮(228.88μg/kg)。浸泡液中蛋白质、灰分和纤维含量在1~25 h均呈降低趋势。研究结果为开发适用于大规模工业生产中真菌毒素脱除技术提供了基础。

This study investigated the distribution of deoxynivalenol(DON)and zearalenone(ZEN)in the process of producing corn starch and by-products produced by wet-milling in China.The contamination levels of the mycotoxins in steep water and soaked corn(for a period of 1,7,13,19,25 h),corn,cornstarch,and corn by-products(corn bran,corn gluten,corn gluten feed,and corn steep liquor)were investigated respectively.The highest level of DON in the soaked corn samples was 1541.34μg/kg for 1 h,which exceeded the corn sample(333.34μg/kg).The maximum level of DON in steep water was the steep water for 1 h(880.07μg/L).DON was detected at the highest levels in corn steep liquor(8090.75μg/L).There was little difference in ZEN concentration in steep water and soaked corn with different soaking times.ZEN was evenly distributed in all corn by-products except cornstarch,the level of ZEN was identified in corn bran(228.88μg/kg),corn gluten(269.8μg/kg),corn gluten feed(386.14μg/kg),and corn steep liquor(322.32μg/L).The concentration of protein,ash and fiber in the steep water decreased from 1 h to 25 h.This study provides a basis for the development of mycotoxin removal technology suitable for large-scale industrial applications.