汉语“倾斜”义词语的历时演变及其原因

The Diachronic Evolution and Reasons of the Chinese Words That Mean"Tilt"

汉语史上表“倾斜”义的词语主要有“倾”“斜”“欹”“歪”,它们的演变情况为:先秦西汉时期主要用“倾”;东汉魏晋南北朝时期“斜”逐步发展,与“倾”并用;隋唐宋时期“斜”进一步发展壮大,“欹”崛起成为通用词,“倾”逐渐衰落;元明清时期“歪”取代“欹”及“倾”成为了“倾斜”义的主要词语,与“斜”共用。演变过程中,“斜”与“歪”的发展主要缘于两词书写形式的更换,“倾斜”义的“邪”后来改用“斜”字来记录,“邪”“斜”分立促进了“斜”的发展,“竵”改用俗字“歪”记录也对“歪”的发展起到了促进作用;“倾”衰落的原因在于它义项的丰富及常用意义的转变;“倾斜”语义场成员间相同的词义发展特点是导致“欹”兴衰的主要原因。

The words that mean"tilt"mainly include qing(倾),xie(斜),qi(欹)and wai(歪)in the history of Chinese language.They were used differently in different historical stages.qing(倾)was mainly used in the ancient times.xie(斜)gradually emeraged and was used together with qing(倾)in the middle ancient times,and in the early modern Chinese language,xie(斜)further developed and grew.At the same time,qi(欹)emerged as a common word,and qing(倾)gradually declined;In the late modern Chinese language,qi(欹)and qing(倾)were replaced ly wui(重),Which beeame the main word that means"ilt"and developed together with xie(斜).The development of xie(斜)and wai(歪)were mainly due to.the replacement of the writing forms of them.The xie(邪)that means"tilt"was later changed toxie(斜),and this separation of xie(邪)and xie(斜)promoted the development of xie(斜).wai(端)changed to the vulgar word wai(歪)also played a role in the development of wai(歪).The dcclining rcaoono of qing(倾)wcrc that thc richncoo of ito mcaningo and thc transfer of common meanings.The main reason of the up and down about qi(欹)was that the development of the same meaning in the members of the"tilt"semantic field。