从“概念的普遍性”到“实践的普遍性”--马克思哲学与“人的普遍本质”理解范式的重大转换

From“Universality of Concept”to“Universality of Practice”--Marx's Philosophyand theImportant Transformation of the Theoretical Paradigm on“Human Universal Essence”

如何理解“人的普遍本质”,这是哲学发展史上充满争议的重大课题。在此问题上,长期以来占据主导地位的是一种“概念化”的解释原则,即把“人的普遍本质”归结为运用知性思维方式所获取的人区别于其他存在者、且为所有人共同分有的“人的普遍概念”。这种对人的知性化理解在根本上是与人的现实存在相冲突的。马克思哲学改变了对“人的普遍本质”的解释原则,赋予人的“普遍性”以全新的内涵,实现了从“概念的普遍性”向“实践的普遍性”的理解范式的重大转换,扭转了把握“人的普遍本质”的致思路径。它在深层蕴含着理解“人的普遍本质”的思维方式的重大变革,即从“知性思维方式”向“辩证法的思维方式”的变革,从而为克服对人的抽象化理解,把握人活生生的现实存在,开辟了全新的理论视野,具有重要的现代哲学意义。

How to understand the universal essence of human being is a controversial subject in the history of philosophy.On this issue,a“conceptualization”principle has been dominant for a long time,that is,“the universal essence of human being”is defined as“the universal concept of human being”which is obtained by the way of intellectual thinking.This intellectualized understanding of human is fundamentally in conflict with human reality.Marx’s philosophy changed this theoretical principle on“universal nature of human being”,endowed the“universal nature”of human being with a new connotation,which realizes a major transformation of the theoretical paradigm from“universality nature of concept”to“universality of practice”,and reversed the way of thinking to grasp“universal essence of human being”.It overcomes the abstract understanding on human being and opened up a new theoretical vision,which has the important significance philosophically.