东部地区稻田水资源高效利用研究——基于不同节水灌溉模式

Study on High-efficient Utilization of Paddy Water Resources in Eastern China——Based on Different Water-saving Irrigation Models

水稻是我国重要的粮食作物,也是用水量最大的作物,水稻节水灌溉研究对于推进节水高效农业发展有重要的现实意义。本研究采用常规灌溉、浅湿灌溉和适雨灌溉三种不同灌溉处理,比较了不同处理下水稻株高、产量构成和水分利用效率。结果表明,三种灌溉处理下水稻株高的差异在分蘖后期最为明显,该时期常规灌溉、浅湿灌溉和适雨灌溉下水稻平均株高分别为0.39 cm、0.59 cm和0.46 cm;适雨灌溉下水稻产量略高于浅湿灌溉(5.8%),但总穗数及总粒数等产量构成因子在三种灌溉处理下的差异并不显著(显著性系数P>0.05),浅湿灌溉和适雨灌溉处理有利于降低水稻无效茎数;在3种灌溉处理中,浅湿灌溉下水稻水分利用效率最高,达到1.212 kg/m^(3)。

Rice is an important grain crop in China,and also the crop with the largest water consumption,the research on water-saving irrigation of rice has important practical significance for promoting the development of water-saving and efficient agriculture.In this study,three different irrigation treatments are adopted,namely conventional irrigation,slight wet irrigation and rain-suitable irrigation,and the plant height,yield components and water use efficiency of rice under different treatments are compared.The results show that the difference of plant height of rice under three irrigation treatments is most obvious at the late tillering stage,in this period,the average plant height of rice under conventional irrigation,slight wet irrigation and rain-suitable irrigation is 0.39 cm,0.59 cm and 0.46 cm respectively;the yield of rice under rain-suitable irrigation is slightly higher than that under slight wet irrigation (5.8%),but the difference of yield components such as total panicles and total grains under the three irrigation treatments is not significant (coefficient of significance P>0.05),and slight wet irrigation and rain-suitable irrigation are conducive to reducing the number of ineffective stems of rice;among the three irrigation treatments,the water use efficiency of rice under slight wet irrigation is the highest,reaching 1.212 kg/m^(3).