科技人文融合视角下公共政策研究进路、场景及展望——基于ABM分析框架的探讨

Public Policy Research Progression,Scenarios and Prospects from the Perspective of Science,Technology and Humanities Integration——Constructing ABM Analytical Framework

公共政策是公共权力机构为实现或服务特定目标所采取的政治行为或规定的行为准则。公共政策具有目的性、权威性、公共性。广泛的个体差异性以及由此带来的政策系统和环境的复杂性正是公共政策面临的核心难点。制度经济学对此解释为个人偏好与集体决策、个人选择和集体选择之间的内在张力。肯尼思·阿罗早就证明,靠加总个人偏好来构建社会判断总会产生矛盾。本文认为传统公共政策分析主要是通过突出某一方面特征对公共政策过程的复杂实践进行简化和研究,一些创新理论对微观行动者及其行为响应模式和机制的研究以及对复杂性的研究程度依旧不足。新一轮科技浪潮风起云涌,全方位、强有力地推动着社会的转型和发展,既给公共政策带来前所未有的复杂性和有效性挑战,也给公共政策分析带来新的理念和方法,推动公共政策科学化与民主化水平的有效提升。ABM的思维认知与方法技术,切中了公共政策分析和人文社会科学及管理研究的本质特征与核心难点,又顺应了科技发展和文明进步的大趋势,潜力强劲,必将推动公共政策分析和公共管理研究进入一个新时代。

Public policies are political acts or prescribed codes of conduct adopted by public authorities to achieve or serve specific goals.Public policy is purposive,authoritative,and public.The wide range of individual differences and the resulting complexity of the policy system and environment are the core difficulties facing public policy.Institutional economics explains this as the inherent tension between individual preferences and collective decision making,individual choice and collective choice.Kenneth Arrow has long demonstrated that the construction of social judgments by summing individual preferences always produces contradictions.Traditional public policy analysis has mainly simplified and studied the complex practices of the public policy process by highlighting one aspect of its characteristics,and some innovative theories remain inadequate in their study of micro-actors and their behavioral response patterns and mechanisms,as well as the degree of complexity.The new wave of science and technology is pushing forward the transformation and development of society in a comprehensive and powerful way,which brings unprecedented complexity and effectiveness challenges to public policy,but also brings new concepts and methods to public policy analysis and promotes the effective improvement of the scientific and democratization level of public policy.ABM’s thinking,cognition,and methodologies are in line with the essential features and core difficulties of public policy analysis,humanities and social sciences,and management research,as well as with the general trend of technological development and civilization progress,and have strong potential to drive public policy analysis and public management research into a new era.