安全可行能力:基于高危行业的实证分析及应用

Security Capability:A Concept and its Application Based on an Empirical Analysis from High Risk Occupation

为提升不同社会主体在高风险社会中的安全预防能力和突发事件应急能力,文章对高危行业矿山的专业外包队伍进行调查研究,借用阿玛蒂亚·森“可行能力”的理论,构建组织和个人“安全可行能力”形成与表现的分析框架,从而分别提炼出组织与个人一般的安全可行能力构成体系(集),并对此概念进行拓展应用。文章认为,安全可行能力是组织、个人预防和应对诸类风险灾变(尤其第一时间)的内在有效方式,可以构建一种通用性模型,包括“安全基质—安全责任—安全行为—安全意识”内在核心要素、“盘活安全资源—安全教育演练—相互安全监管—安全氛围营造”外在培育机制;且可以构建一套通用性安全可行能力评价指标体系,检测和改进安全缺陷、优化安全设计、提升安全意识。

In order to improve the security prevention capability and emergency response of different social subjects in high-risk society,the article uses literature analysis and field interviews to investigate and study the professional outsourcing teams of mines in high-risk industries,and builds an analytical framework for the formation and performance of "security feasible capability" of organizations and individuals by borrowing Amartya Sen’s theory of "feasible capability",so that the general security feasible capability composition system (set) of organizations and individuals can be refined and applied to produce scientific knowledge for security governance and emergency management.It is concluded that the security feasible capability is an inherently effective way for organizations or individuals to prevent and respond to various types of risky disasters (especially in the first time),and a general model can be constructed,including the inner core elements of “security matrix-security responsibility-security behavior-security awareness” and the outer cultivation mechanism of “activating security resources-security education & drill-mutual security supervision-security atmosphere creation”,and a set of universal security feasible capability evaluation index system can be constructed to detect and improve safety defects,optimize safety design and enhance security awareness.