婚姻挤压与人口推拉效应:拐卖妇女犯罪发生学的一种解释

Marriage Squeeze and Population Push-Pull Effect:An Explanation of Trafficking in Women in Criminogenesis

拐卖妇女犯罪处罚收买方,本意是切断收买行为,实现源头打击。由于男女比例失衡等引起的婚姻挤压,才是买卖妇女的诱因,本质是社会资源的结构紧张,因婚姻挤压被排除在正式婚姻制度之外的行为人容易引起购买行为。而被害人多是落后地区人员,按照人口推拉效应,经济发达地区具有吸引力,被害人为生活策略、工作机会,容易被拐卖至经济发达的地区。但随着我国脱贫工作的完成以及经济发展的协调,人口推拉效应已经基本完成,因而被害人具有转向外籍妇女的趋势。因此,在治理拐卖妇女犯罪中刑罚手段虽然必不可少,但作用有限,治理源头是缓解社会结构性紧张矛盾。

The intention of punishing the buyer of the crime of trafficking in women is to eliminate the root cause by stopping the act of buying.It is the marriage squeeze generated by the disproportion between men and women,that is the cause for the sale of women.The essence is the structural tension of social resources.People excluded from the formal marriage system due to the marriage squeeze are prone to purchase women,while the victims are mostly people from economically backward regions.According to the population push-pull effect,since economically developed areas are attractive,victims are prone to be trafficked to economically developed areas for life strategies and job opportunities.However,with the completion of China’s poverty eradication work and the coordination of economic development,the population push-pull effect has basically been completed,and thus there is a tendency that the more and more victims are becoming foreign women.Therefore,although criminal penalties are essential in combating the crime of trafficking in women,their role is limited.The fundamental way is to alleviate the structural tensions of the society.