中国化肥减量政策变迁及其内在逻辑

The Policy Change of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Its Internal Logic in China

本文探讨了21世纪以来中国化肥减量政策变迁及其内在逻辑。本文发现,中国从化肥行业和化肥施用两方面“双管齐下”推进化肥减量,其中,化肥行业市场化改革是在内外因素共同作用下渐进开展,大致经历了“主动改革—被动改革—主动改革”的历程,其目的是优化化肥供给,为农民正确购买和施用化肥营造良好的市场环境;在化肥施用方面,基于中国农业经营主体数量庞大且存在较大异质性的现实,政府从技术推广和制度变革两个维度对不同农户实施差异化措施,意图对农户的化肥施用行为进行直接干预,是推动化肥减量的主要手段。本文认为,接下来要继续从化肥行业和化肥施用两方面、遵循差异化政策思路推进化肥减量。

This paper discusses the policy change of chemical fertilizer reduction and its internal logic in China since the 21 st century.The research shows that China has promoted the reduction of chemical fertilizer from the two aspects of chemical fertilizer industry and chemical fertilizer application.The market-oriented reform of chemical fertilizer industry is carried out gradually under the joint action of internal and external factors, which has roughly experienced the process of active reform, passive reform, and active reform.The purpose is to optimize the supply of chemical fertilizer and create a good market environment for farmers to purchase and apply chemical fertilizer properly.In terms of chemical fertilizer application, due to the large number and heterogeneity of agricultural operation subjects in China, the government implemented differentiated measures for different farmers from the two dimensions of technology promotion and institutional reform, aiming to directly intervene farmers’ behavior of chemical fertilizer application, which is the main means to promote the reduction of chemical fertilizer.It is necessary to follow the differentiated policy ideas from the two aspects of chemical fertilizer industry and chemical fertilizer application to promote the reduction of chemical fertilizer further.