互联网平台企业的数据垄断问题研究

Research on Data Monopoly of Internet Platform Enterprises

互联网平台企业在取得巨大发展的同时,数据垄断问题日益凸显。研究基于双边市场理论分析了互联网平台企业的显著特征,总结了互联网平台企业的三种数据垄断表现形式,即数据与算法叠加产生新型垄断协议、杀手式并购引致数据经营者集中以及滥用数据市场的支配地位。双边市场特性、用户锁定效应、数据价值链活动特性是导致互联网平台企业产生数据垄断的三个主要原因。互联网平台企业数据垄断会损害用户合法权益、阻碍企业长期发展、破坏行业市场秩序、威胁国家安全。在借鉴比较国内外数据垄断问题的治理经验基础上,研究从政府、行业、企业三个层面提出中国治理互联网平台企业数据垄断问题的政策建议。

While Internet platform enterprises have achieved great development, the problem of data monopoly has become increasingly prominent. Based on the Two-sided Market Theory, this paper tries to analyze the characteristics of Internet platform companies and summarizes three forms of data monopoly of the companies:the superposition of data and algorithms to generate new types of monopoly agreement, killer acquisitions leading to the concentration of data operators and the abuse of the dominance of the data market. The study shows that the characteristics of the two-sided market, the user lock-in effect as well as the characteristics of data value chain activities are the three main reasons for the data monopoly of Internet platform enterprises. Data monopoly will damage the legitimate rights and interests of users, hinder the long-term development of enterprises, disrupt the market order of the industry and threaten national security. After comparing the governance experience in data monopoly at home and abroad, the study puts forward policy suggestions on governing data monopoly of Chinese Internet platform enterprises from the three levels of government, industry and enterprises.