孕期保健知识获取途径及其影响因素

Access to knowledge of pregnancy health care and factors associated with influencing factors

目的 描述孕产妇孕期保健知识获取途径的分布情况及探索不同途径利用的影响因素。方法 自行设计问卷,调查广西壮族自治区、湖南省、河北省3个地区,每个地区选取3个县级妇幼保健机构,采集就诊孕妇及0~1岁婴儿母亲的基本情况和孕期保健知识获取途径。采用logistic回归分析孕期保健知识获取途径的影响因素。结果 共收集问卷1 718份,其中有效问卷1 673份,包括孕妇400人及婴儿母亲1 273人。孕期保健知识获取途径首位为向医师咨询,共1 181人,占70.6%;其次为通过互联网,共713人,占42.6%。Logistic回归分析显示,河北省与湖南省被调查对象采用新媒体与传统媒体的可能性均较广西壮族自治区高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相比孕早期,孕中期孕妇(OR=5.67,95%CI:1.58~36.37)向医护人员咨询的可能性更高,而分娩后6~<9个月的产妇(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.43~0.95)利用此途径的可能性低。做过孕前检查的被调查对象采用传统媒体的可能性更低(OR=0.80,95%CI:0.65~0.99);年龄较大(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.95~0.99)的被调查对象接受新媒体的可能更低;学历为高中及以上(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.44~2.28)、非农民职业(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.11~1.79)、做过婚前检查(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.11~1.70)的被调查对象使用新媒体的可能性更高。结论 应合理利用互联网和新媒体帮助孕产妇获取孕期保健知识,系统性、针对性地开展孕期保健知识宣教,同时关注年龄较大、低学历、低收入、未做过婚前检查的孕产妇,以全面提高孕产妇的孕期保健知识知晓率。

Objective To describe different ways of pregnancy health care knowledge accessing and explore the factors associated with it. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate general information and ways of pregnancy health care knowledge access among pregnant women and mothers with infants aged 0-1 in 3 county-level Maternal and Child Health Care Institutions at Guangxi, Hunan and Hebei provinces. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with various ways of acquiring pregnancy health care knowledge. Results A total of 1 718 questionnaires were distributed and 1 673 valid questionnaires were received, including 400 pregnant women and 1 273 mothers with infant. The top way of accessing pregnancy health care information was consulting with doctors, accounting for 70.6%(1 181/1 673). The second was through the internet, accounting for 42.6%(713/1 673).Logistic regression analysis showed that the people in Hebei and Hunan were significantly more likely to use new media and traditional media than those in Guangxi(P<0.05). Compared with early pregnancy women, middle pregnancy women(OR=5.67, 95%CI: 1.58-36.37) were more likely to consult with medical staff, while women 6-<9 months postpartum(OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.43-0.95) were less likely to use. Subjects who had pre-pregnancy examinations were less likely to use traditional media(OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.65-0.99). Subjects with older age(OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.95-0.99) were less likely to use new media. Subjects with high school education level or above(OR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.44-2.28), non-peasant occupation(OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.11-1.79) and who had undergone premarital examination(OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11-1.70) were more likely to adopt new media. Conclusion Internet and new media should be used rationally to help pregnant women acquire knowledge of pregnancy health care. Health education on pregnancy care should be carried out systematically and pertinently, and pregnant women with low education background, low income, being older, and not undergoing premarital examination should be on paid more attention, so as to improve their awareness of pregnancy health care comprehensively.