江苏省无锡市滨湖区幼儿园儿童视力及屈光状况调查

Investigation on visual acuity and refraction among kindergarten children in Binhu District,Wuxi,Jiangsu

目的 了解江苏省无锡市滨湖区幼儿园儿童的视力及屈光状况,为针对性地开展儿童眼保健工作及眼病防治策略提供依据。方法 采用横断面调查研究方法,抽取无锡市滨湖区所有幼儿园4~7岁儿童13 017人,调查并评估其裸眼远视力(标准对数视力表)及屈光状态(自动电脑验光)等。应用多因素logistic回归分析模型分析近视发生的影响因素。结果共检出视力不良7 425人(57.79%),屈光状态异常者3 589人(27.93%),筛查性近视1 836人(14.29%)。其中,5~<6岁儿童的视力不良率、筛查性近视率均高于4~<5岁及6~7岁儿童,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=242.707、25.391,均P<0.05)。民办、乡村幼儿园儿童的视力不良检出率分别高于公办及城区幼儿园,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.658、46.911,均P<0.05)。不同教育级别的幼儿园儿童视力不良检出率、屈光不正检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=60.571、46.067,均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、幼儿园办园性质及教育级别是儿童筛查性近视率的影响因素。结论 无锡市滨湖区幼儿园儿童视力异常率较高,应加强眼保健宣教和视力健康检查工作,并以民办、乡村、教育级别较低的幼儿园为工作重点。

Objective To investigate the current situation of visual acuity and refraction among kindergarten children in Binhu District, Wuxi, so as to provide evidence for eye care service and preventive strategies of eye diseases. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Binhu District. A total of 13 017 children aged 4-7 years old in all kindergartens were recruited. Their naked-eye vision was investigated through standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and refractive parameters were measured by automatic computer optometry. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with myopia. Results A total of 7 425 children(57.79%) were found poor vision, 3 589 children(27.93%) were found refractive abnormalities, and 1 836 children(14.29%) were found screening myopia. Among them, the rates of poor vision and screening myopia among children aged 5-<6 were higher than those of children aged 4-<5 and 6-7, and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=242.707, 25.391, all P<0.05). The rates of poor vision in private and rural kindergartens were higher than those in public and urban kindergartens, respectively(χ^(2)=4.658, 46.911, all P<0.05). There were significant differences in the rates of poor vision and refractive abnormalities among kindergarten children of different education levels(χ^(2)=60.571,46.067, all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, the nature of kindergarten and education level were the factors associated with children’s screening myopia rate. ConclusionThe rate of visual impairment is relatively high among kindergarten children in Binhu District, Wuxi. It is suggested that health education of eye care and visual health examination should be strengthened, and the children in rural, private and low education level kindergartens should be emphasized.