江淮丘陵区马槽河流域污染源调查分析及治理建议

Investigation and treatment advice of pollution sources in Macao River Basin of Jianghuai hilly region

随着区域城市人口增加和人民生活水平提高,江淮丘陵区中小河流水环境污染问题日益突出,成为区域社会经济发展的主要制约因素之一。本文以位于江淮丘陵区马槽河流域为研究对象,通过资料收集、问卷调查、实地勘察等手段,查明该地区入河污染物指标COD、氨氮、TN、TP主要贡献因素及占比,其中生活污染(51%,40%,54%,28%)、面源污染(6%,38%,9%,42%)、畜禽养殖(39%,15%,17%,25%)三类型贡献占比90%以上,内源污染和水产养殖较少。针对污染源调查结果特征,提出镇区管网完善、农村分散处理、畜禽粪污处理、养殖废水农田消纳、污染缓冲带设置、径流拦截与再利用、河流生态化改造等治理建议,可为今后中小河流污染源调查与治理提供借鉴。

With the increase of regional urban population and the improvement of people’s living standards,the environmental pollution problem of river water in Jianghuai hilly region has become increasingly prominent,which has become one of the main constraints of regional social and economic development.The paper takes the Macao River Basin located in the hilly region of Jianghuai as the research object,through data collection,questionnaire survey,field investigation and other means,to find out the main contributing factors and proportions of the pollutant indexes COD,NH-N,TN,TP into the river in this region.Domestic pollution(51%,40%,54%,28%),non-point source pollution(6%,38%,9%,42%)and livestock and poultry farming(39%,15%,17%,25%)accounted for more than 90%of the total contribution,while endogenous pollution and aquaculture were less.According to the characteristics of the investigation results of pollution sources,some treatment suggestions are put forward,such as improving the pipe network in the town,decentralized treatment in rural areas,treatment of livestock and poultry manure,farmland absorption of breeding wastewater,setting up pollution buffer zones,interception and reuse of runoff,Ecological transformation of rivers and so on.It can provide experience for the investigation and treatment of pollution sources in small and medium-sized rivers in the future.