2000年以来中国芦笋的国际贸易及产业竞争力研究

Study on International Trade and Industrial Competitiveness of Asparagus in China Since 2000

中国是世界芦笋生产大国,面积和产量都位居世界第一,芦笋产业已发展成为具有竞争优势的新兴产业,在全球芦笋贸易中占有举足轻重的地位。为了研究中国芦笋的国际贸易和产业竞争力,根据FAO、WTO和中国海关(一般贸易)的芦笋贸易数据,对中国芦笋的进出口贸易现状进行了分析,选取生产者价格、国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和出口价格比4个分析指标,对中国芦笋的产业竞争力给予评价。结果表明:中国芦笋贸易以出口为主,一直处于贸易顺差状态,2008年以后,进口增长很快,进出口差距显著缩小,2019年进口量是出口量的1/3,而进口额超过了出口额。芦笋价格方面,中国芦笋生产成本和生产价格较低,占据优势,但是出口单价和出口额相对也较低,出口创汇不显著,2013年以来进口单价快速上涨超过了出口单价,进口芦笋价格昂贵,未来芦笋进口不会明显增加,出口保持稳定。在国际芦笋出口大国中,秘鲁、墨西哥基本上是芦笋净出口国家,具有极强的贸易竞争力;其次是希腊,竞争力指数也较高;美国、西班牙、荷兰的优势也比较明显。中国是全球最大芦笋生产国,但芦笋的国际市场占有率不高,贸易竞争力指数为正数时接近1,出口额远大于进口额,反映出中国芦笋在国内市场具有较强竞争力,但在国际市场的竞争力相对较弱。

China is a leading asparagus producer in the world,with the largest planting area and yield.China’s asparagus industry has developed into an emerging industry with competitive advantages and plays an important role in the global asparagus trade.To study the international trade and industrial competitiveness of asparagus in China,we used the asparagus trade data of FAO,WTO and China Customs(general trade),to analyze the present situation of China’s asparagus import and export trade,and selected four analysis indexes,including producer’s price,international market share,trade competitiveness index and export price ratio,to evaluate the industrial competitiveness of China's asparagus industry.The results showed that China’s asparagus trade is mainly export,which has been in a trade surplus.Since 2008,the import has increased rapidly,and the import-export gap has been significantly narrowed.In 2019,the import quantity was 1/3 of the export quantity,and the value of import exceeded that of export.In terms of asparagus price,China’s asparagus production cost and production price are low,occupying an advantage,but the export unit price and the value of export are relatively low,and the export earning of foreign exchange is not significant.Since 2013,the import unit price has risen rapidly,and has exceeded the export unit price.The imported asparagus is expensive,the asparagus import will not increase significantly in the future,and the export will remain stable.Among the international asparagus exporting countries,Peru and Mexico are basically net exporting countries,with strong trade competitiveness;Greece is the second with a high competitiveness index;and the United States,Spain and the Netherlands also have obvious advantages.China is the largest asparagus producer in the world,but its international market share is not high.When the trade competitiveness index is positive,it is close to 1,and the value of export far exceeds that of import,reflecting that China’s asparagus has strong competitiveness in the domestic market,but has relatively weak competitiveness in the international market.