论日本反战电影遮蔽战争责任的模式化叙事策略

Patterned Narrative Strategy of War Responsibility Obscurity in Japanese Anti-war Films

日本反战电影既有反思力度强、能够深刻自省的影片,也有大批影片在反战主题中遮蔽了日本侵略战争的责任。这些遮蔽战争责任的反战电影普遍形成了三种模式化的叙事策略:一是虚化战争责任主体,发动侵略战争者从电影中集体消失,导致战争责任无承担主体或承担主体潜隐于幕后而被虚化;二是塑造受害者群像,大部分影片都以年轻的士兵、学生兵以及妇女儿童为主人公,反复书写他们的悲惨命运,强化受害者意识;三是彰显个体生命情感,影片表现战争中普通士兵和民众的私人情感,以亲情、友情和爱情的抒写,凸显个体生命创伤,从而回避战争责任问题。通过对这几种模式化叙事策略的分析,我们既可以深刻认识到日本反战电影在日本社会中艰难生存的文化处境,也能警醒人们对日本社会右翼崇战倾向和意识形态保持高度警惕。

Despite reflective and self-reflective Japanese anti-war films,there are also a large number of films that obscure the responsibility for Japanese wars of aggression in their films with the anti-war themes.These films have generally developed three patterned narrative strategies:Firstly,the subjects of responsibility for the wars are fictionalized,and those who initiated the wars of aggression disappear from the films collectively,resulting in the absence of the subjects of responsibility for the war or the fictionalization of the subjects of responsibility for the war by hiding behind the scenes;Secondly,the portraits of the victims are created,and most of the films feature young soldiers,student soldiers,women and children as the main characters,repeatedly wrote about their tragic fates;The third is to highlight the emotions of individual lives.The films show personal feelings of ordinary soldiers and people during the war,highlighting the trauma of individual lives through the expression of family,friendship and love,thus avoid the issue of war responsibility.Through the analysis of these patterned narrative strategies,we can both gain insight into the difficult cultural situation of Japanese anti-war films surviving in Japanese society and alert people to the right-wing war advocating tendencies and ideologies of Japanese society.