中南有色金属冶炼场地与周边土壤重金属污染概况及稳定化修复技术研究进展

Heavy Metal Pollution Within and Surrounding Nonferrous Metal Smelting Sites in Central-south China and Stabilization Remediation Technology:A Review

中南地区作为中国有色金属冶炼的主要聚集区,由于长期的冶炼活动,导致冶炼场地与周边土壤重金属污染严重,对当地的生态环境带来严重的风险,迫切需要治理。为了探究中南冶炼场地与周边土壤的污染特征以及目前主要有效的稳定化修复技术,笔者概述了中南地区湘鄂赣皖四省有色金属冶炼区分布和污染状况,具有污染面积大、以复合污染为主、污染途径多样、污染程度各异和重金属活性高的污染特征。从稳定化机理和材料类型两个不同的方向综述了稳定化材料的研究进展,并在高性能、可持续、谱适、绿色的复合污染稳定化材料的研究方向上提出展望,以期为中南有色金属冶炼场地与周边土壤重金属污染稳定化修复提供参考依据。

Central-south China is distinguished by the considerable numbers and areas of non-ferrous metal smelting sites that have polluted the soils both within and surrounding the sites.This brings serious risks to the local environment and needs to be controlled urgently.To explore the pollution characteristics of the smelting sites and the surrounding soil in central-south China and the main effective stabilization and remediation technologies,we summarized the distribution of nonferrous metal smelting sites in Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi and Anhui,and their pollution status.The pollution characteristics included large pollution area,mainly compound pollution,diversified pollution ways,different pollution levels and high heavy metal activity.The advances of stabilized materials used in remediation were expounded from two aspects:stabilization mechanism and material type.Finally,we discussed future research on the development of composite stabilization materials with high-performance,sustainability,wide adaptability and environmental value,aiming to provide support for the stabilized remediation of soil heavy metal pollution in nonferrous metal smelting sites and surrounding soil in central-south China.