贵州省冬种马铃薯晚疫病发生的气象条件分析

Meteorological Conditions for Late Blight Occurrence on Winter-planting Potato in Guizhou Province

依托贵州省六盘水市综合科研基地(六枝岩脚镇,海拔1100 m)建立的2015—2018年冬种马铃薯气候试验示范工程,结合2017—2018年在贵州纳雍县、织金县、凤冈县、玉屏县、铜仁市、雷山县、都匀市、普安县、清镇市和普定县马铃薯晚疫病监测实况,分析马铃薯晚疫病发生的气象条件及其动态特征。结果表明:冬种马铃薯晚疫病主要发生在4月份,即冬种马铃薯的现蕾开花期。在冬种马铃薯现蕾开花期,当连续3天及以上日平均温度≤18℃,且相对湿度>75%时,第4天及以后,若日平均温度>18℃、相对湿度>80%,马铃薯晚疫病始发。因此,建议以此作为冬种马铃薯晚疫病防治的气象预警指标,以便在预警指标出现后的3天之内积极组织防治,以提高防治效果。

Based on the demonstration project of climate test on winter-planting potato from 2015 to 2018 which was established in the comprehensive scientific research base of Liupanshui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou(Yanjiao Town of Liuzhi County,altitude of 1100 m),and combined with the monitoring results of potato late blight in Nayong,Zhijin,Fenggang,Yuping,Tongren,Leishan,Duyun,Pu’an,Qingzhen and Puding of Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2018,the meteorological conditions and dynamic characteristics of potato late blight occurrence in the province were analyzed.The results showed that the late blight of winterplanting potato occurred mainly in April,which was the growth stage from flower budding to flowering.In this growth stage,when the daily average temperature≤18℃and the relative humidity>75%lasted for 3 days or more,and the daily average temperature>18℃and the relative humidity>80%were on the fourth day and thereafter,the late blight of winter-planting potato could be observed.Therefore,it is suggested to use the above conditions as a meteorological early warning indicator for the prevention and control of late blight of winter-planting potato,so as to actively carry out the prevention and control within three days since the emergence of the early warning indicator and improve the control efficiency.