巢湖水环境水生态现状问题分析及对策建议

Analysis on the water environment and ecological problems and treatment suggestions of Chaohu Lake

依据2017年—2020年巢湖健康状态报告,重点分析评价了导致巢湖处于亚健康状况的水环境、生物两类关键要素。巢湖处于亚健康状况的主要原因是入湖污染负荷量大、湖体氮磷营养盐浓度和蓝藻密度较高、水生植物稀少、鱼类小型化。提出巢湖治理必须综合施策,分区施策,分类施治,重点削减西半湖污染物通量和修复湖区生态。在强化流域水环境监管的同时,进一步深化南淝河、派河等重点污染入湖河流综合治理;尽快研究解决湖区污染物进出不平衡和持续增加的问题,找出各环境因子变化与水体富营养化变化、藻密度、水华程度、水华规模之间的内在联系,建立定量关系,制定重点污染因子消减对策和蓝藻水华控制措施。充分论证巢湖水生植物群落恢复方案,进一步加大湿地和水生植物建设和维护力度。开展巢湖水质生物调控和污染底泥控制试点工程,有计划地开展鱼类结构优化调控,保持水体生物链的健康发展。

According to the report on the health status of Chaohu Lake from 2017 to 2020,two key elements of water environment and biology that lead to the sub-health status of Chaohu Lake are analyzed and evaluated.The main reasons for the sub-health status of Chaohu Lake are the heavy pollution load,the high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and cyanobacteria,the scarcity of aquatic plants and the miniaturization of fish.It is proposed that the governance of Chaohu Lake must be carried out comprehensively,in different areas and in different categories,with emphasis on reducing the pollutant flux in the western half of the lake and restoring the lake ecology.While strengthening the supervision of water environment in Chaohu Lake basin,we will further the comprehensive treatment of Nanfei River and Paihe River,which are key polluted rivers entering the lake;As soon as possible,study and solve the problems of the balance of pollutants inflow and outflow of the lake area and the continuous reduction of pollutants in the lake area,find out the internal relationship between the changes of various environmental factors and the changes of water eutrophication,algae density,bloom degree and bloom scale,establish a quantitative relationship,and formulate countermeasures for the elimination of key pollution factors and control measures for cyanobacteria bloom.Fully demonstrate the restoration plan of Chaohu Lake aquatic plant community,and further strengthen the construction,protection and maintenance of wetlands and aquatic plants.Carry out the pilot project of biological regulation of water quality and control of polluted sediment in Chaohu Lake,carry out the optimization and regulation of fish structure in a planned way,and maintain the healthy development of water biological chain.