云贵地区煤矿TBM施工技术应用研究

Study on application of TBM construction technology in coal mine in Yunnan-Guizhou area

云贵两省是我国南方重要的煤炭生产基地,初步探明贵州省南、北盘江腹地煤炭储量达330亿t,其中可就近通过水运的煤炭储量达到92亿t,急需高效、安全地开采煤炭。近年来,TBM(全断面隧道掘进机,Tunnel Boring Machine)因其高程度智能化、安全高效的优点已逐渐应用于煤矿巷道的掘进,尤其是中东部众多矿区。在立足于国内煤矿针对TBM施工进行了大量的应用研究工作之上,进行了大量调研,分析了TBM施工技术与煤矿常用的传统钻爆法和综掘法在现代化煤矿的不同类型巷道中的适用性与先进性,发现TBM施工技术因其高效的破岩方式在运输大巷等硬岩巷道施工中优势更加明显,掘支平行作业程度高,破岩时对围岩扰动较小,有利于围岩稳定,同时在长距离开拓巷道掘进时综合成本优势十分显著,且施工一次成硐,可实现一巷三用,但是对地质条件适应性较差。以贵能公司聚鑫煤矿+1095 m运输大巷的掘进工程为工程实例,提出了满足全断面掘进机快速施工煤矿硬岩巷道特点与要求的巷道支护型式和施工技术,研发的“贵能二号”TBM在实际工程中实现了“小断面、大坡度、小转弯半径”的成功应用。将常规隧道TBM与不同采掘深度和服务年限特点的煤矿巷道相结合,开发出适用于不同类型煤矿巷道且具有特色的矿用TBM,大幅提高了矿井建设的高效性和安全性,研究对TBM施工技术在煤矿领域的发展具有重要的推广和借鉴意义。

Yunnan Province and Guizhou Province are important coal production bases in southern China.It has been preliminarily proved that the coal reserves in the hinterland of the south and north in Guizhou Province reach 33 billion tons,of which the coal reserves that can be transported nearby by water reach 9.2 billion tons.There is an urgent need for efficient and safe coal mining.In recent years,TBM(Tunnel Boring Machinel)has been gradually applied in coal mine roadways due to its high degree of intelligence,safety and efficiency,especially in many mining areas in the central and eastern regions.This paper was based on a lot of applied research on TBM Tunnel Boring Machine construction in domestic coal mines,the applicability and advancement of TBM construction technology and the traditional drilling and blasting method in different types of roadway in modern coal mine were analyzed.It is found that TBM construction technology has more obvious advantages in the construction of hard rock roadway because of its efficient rock breaking method,high degree of excavation and support of parallel operation,less disturbance to the surrounding rock during rock breaking,which is conducive to the stability of surrounding rock.At the same time,the comprehensive cost advantage is very significant in the long-distance development of roadway excavation,and the construction of a tunnel can achieve three functions of one roadway,however,the adaptability to the geological conditions is poor.Taking the excavation project of the+1095 m transport roadway in Juxin Coal Mine of Guineng company as an engineering background,and the roadway support type and construction that meet the characteristics and requirements of the full-section roadheader for rapid construction of coal mine hard rock roadway are proposed.“Guneng No.2”TBM has achieved the successful application of“small cross-section,large slope,and small turning radius”in practical engineering.Combined conventional tunnel TBM with coal mine roadways with different mining depth and service life characteristics,a unique mining TBM suitable for different types of coal mine roadways has been developed,which greatly improves the efficiency and safety of mine construction.It has important popularization and reference significance for the development of TBM Construction Technology in coal mine field.