煤矿地下水库研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of underground mines in coal mines

针对西部生态脆弱区煤层埋藏浅、煤层保水开采地质条件较差特点,突破以往以堵截地下水渗漏为主要技术手段的被动保水开采理念,提出了以“导储用”为核心的煤矿地下水库地下水保护理念,通过近年来的研究,煤矿地下水库在基础理论和工程实践等领域取得了大量成果。系统地总结了煤矿地下水库六大关键技术(水源预测、库容设计、水库选址、坝体结构、安全运行和水质保障)的研究进展,前3项技术是煤矿地下水库建设的前提,其研究主要涉及煤矿工程地质与水文地质条件、煤炭开采地下水运移规律、采空区垮落岩体空隙与碎胀性等;坝体结构研究主要涉及各种复杂力作用下煤柱坝体、人工坝体的稳定性及二者的连接问题;安全保障和水质保障主要研究分别为煤矿地下水库安全监控系统建立和采空区垮落岩体对矿井水的净化机理。阐述了煤矿地下水库水资源井下和地面的利用情况,实现了矿区由耗水大户向供水水源地转变。在总结相关研究成果的基础上,以煤-水-生态相协调为宗旨,展望了煤矿地下水库研究的方向。

Aiming at the characteristics of shallow buried coal seam and poor geological conditions of water retaining mining in the ecologically fragile area of Western China,the concept of passive water retaining mining,which used to block the leakage of groundwater as the main technical means,was broken through,and the concept of underground water protection of coal mine underground reservoir with“diversion,storage and use”as the core was put forward.Through the research in recent years,the basic theory and engineering practice of coal mine underground reservoir have made great progress A lot of achievements have been made.This paper systematically summarizes the six key technologies of coal mine underground reservoir,including water source prediction,storage capacity design,reservoir site selection,dam structure,safe operation and water quality guarantee.The first three technologies are the premise of underground reservoir construction in coal mine.The research mainly involves the engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions of coal mine,the movement law of underground water during coal mining,and the evolution of space and bulking property of caving rock mass in goaf.The research of dam structure mainly involves the stability of coal pillar dam and artificial dam under various complex forces and the connection between them.The main research of safety and water quality guarantee is to establish the safety monitoring system of underground reservoir and the mechanism of mine water purification by the caving rock in goaf.The utilization of underground and ground water resources of underground reservoir in coal mine is expounded,which realizes the transformation of mining area from large water consumption to water supply source.On the basis of summarizing the relevant research results,with the aim of coal-water-ecological coordination,the direction of coal mine groundwater reservoir research is forecasted.