地位逆转仪式的“非逆转性”——以沧源县羊莱村佤族过年为例

Irreversibility of Rituals of Status Reversal——Taking the Wa inYanglai Village,Cangyuan County as an Example

维克多·特纳认为年度性地位逆转仪式具有反结构特征,仪式主体地位会出现颠覆性逆转。然而,沧源羊莱村佤族过年期间,传统权威由隐到显,新兴精英地位强化、人神关系不断升华,仪式过程呈现出“非逆转性”特征。研究认为,乡村社会的血缘、地缘关系,万物有灵、祖先崇拜的民间信仰,国家乡村治理政策,多元化的生计方式等诸因素综合交织在一起,导致文化网络紧密、社会结构稳定,地位逆转仪式无法使社会进入“反结构”状态,进而出现地位逆转仪式“非逆转性”的悖论。

Victor Turner believes that the annual Ritual of Status Reversal has anti-structural characteristics,and the subject status of the ceremony will be subversive.However,during the new year of the Wa in Yanglai,Cangyuan County,the hidden traditional authority turns obvious,the status of the emerging elite is strengthened,and the relationship between man and God is constantly sublimated.The ritual process shows the characteristics of “Irreversibility.” According to the research,a various factors – kinship and geographical relationship of the rural society,folk beliefs such as animism and ancestor worship,the national rural governance policy,and the diversified livelihood – are comprehensively intertwined,resulting in the close cultural network and stable social structure.The Rituals of Status Reversal cannot enable the society to enter the “anti-structure” state and,as a result,the paradox of “Irreversibility” of the Rituals of Status Reversal appears.