超等长收缩锻炼在失重生理效应防护中的应用进展

Application Progress of Plyometric Exercise in Countering Physiological Effects of Weightlessness

为提高失重生理效应防护效果和防护效率,航天医学领域一直在探索新型高效的失重生理效应防护措施。近年研究显示,超等长收缩锻炼是一种具有较好防护效果的新型失重生理效应防护措施。综述了超等长收缩锻炼的原理,在模拟失重生理效应防护研究中的应用情况,对失重生理效应的防护效果及应用优势。超等长收缩锻炼实现了只使用一种锻炼方式可同时对心血管、肌肉、骨骼三大系统进行有效防护,对平衡功能、步态、神经肌肉控制等都具有良好防护效果,锻炼时间成本大大降低,可节约上行资源。分析了超等长收缩锻炼的应用前景及应用于空间任务尚需解决的问题,为长期在轨驻留任务和深空探索任务失重生理效应防护措施研究提供了新的思路。

Exercise countermeasures are employed during spaceflight to countering the deleterious physiologic effects of long-duration microgravity exposure.The efficacy of exercise countermeasures is yet to be optimized.In recent two years,studies have shown that plyometric exercise shows great advantages in countering the physiological effects of weightlessness.In this paper,the principle of plyometric exercise,its application in the protection against physiological effects of weightlessness,as well as its application advantages were described.It could maintain the structure and function of three different organ systems at once(bone,muscle and cardiovascular system)with only one exer-cise mode,whereas other countermeasures were only effective in maintaining one or two of these three systems.It could also effectively preserve the neuromuscular system’s ability to safely control postural equilibrium and perform complex locomotor movements.It consumed significantly less time and life support resources as compared with the current multi-modal ISS programme.Finally,the application prospects and the problems to be solved when applying to flight missions were proposed.It provides new ideas for the protection against physiological effects of weightlessness during long-term space mission and deep space exploration mission.