无人机在扑救西藏地区森林火灾中的应用初探

Application of UAV in fighting forest fires in Tibet

通过改进装备推动森林火灾扑救能力提升,是增强森林消防队伍战斗力的必要途径。随着无人机技术的发展,已越来越多地应用于应急救援的各个方面,通过非接触性的处置方式有效降低了救援人员风险。西藏地区森林火灾由于高原地形环境特殊,给人工灭火带来较大难度。面对高原山区森林火灾火点多、接近难、风险大的实际,应用无人机扑救森林火灾是灭火手段的有效补充,能够实现直接或间接灭火,并给任务分队提供现场保障支持。根据当前无人机技术发展特点,结合高原森林火灾发生发展规律,对应用无人机扑救西藏高原森林火灾的可行性、适用性以及战法进行探讨,并就无人机选型和分队建设提出思考建议,为应用无人机扑救各类森林火灾提供参考。

Improving equipment to promote forest fire fighting ability is a necessary way to enhance the fighting capacity of forest fire fighting team.With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)technology,it has been more and more used in all aspects of emergency rescue,and the risk of rescuers has been effectively reduced through non-contact disposal.Forest fires in Tibet are difficult to extinguish artificially because of the special terrain environment of plateau.In the face of the fact that there are many fire spots,difficult to approach and high risks in forest fires in plateau mountain areas,the application of unmanned aerial vehicles to put out forest fires is an effective supplement of fire fighting means,which can realize direct or indirect fire fighting and provide on-site support for task teams.In this paper,according to the current characteristics of UAV technology development,combined with the law of occurrence and development of forest fires in plateau,the feasibility,applicability and tactics of using UAV to put out forest fires in Tibet plateau are discussed,and some suggestions on UAV selection and team construction are put forward,which can provide reference for using UAV to put out all kinds of forest fires.