湖北省三个油茶主栽品种的授粉品种选择研究

Pollination varieties selection of 3 main cultivated Camellia oleifera in Hubei Province

油茶是中国第一大木本食用油料树种。油茶自交结实率低,合理配置授粉品种是提高产量的关键之一。为筛选湖北主栽油茶品种(长林4号、鄂油81号及鄂油102号)合适的授粉品种,促进高产优质栽培,以长林3号、长林4号、长林40号、鄂油81号和鄂油102号为授粉品种,设计人工授粉组合,以自然授粉为对照,测定分析授粉后的坐果率和果实性状,筛选适宜的授粉品种。长林4号和鄂油81号的自交坐果率很低,鄂油102号的自交坐果率较高。授粉品种对坐果率有显著影响。授粉品种对长林4号的单果鲜重、干果出籽率、干籽出仁率、种仁含油率及油酸含量无显著影响,对坐果率和果实大小有显著影响;授粉品种对鄂油81号的干果皮厚度、干籽出仁率及种仁含油率无显著影响,对坐果率、果实大小和单果鲜重有显著影响;授粉品种对鄂油102号的坐果率、干果皮厚度、干果出籽率及种仁含油率有显著影响,对其它性状无显著影响。综合坐果率和果实性状,认为长林4号的最佳授粉品种为长林3号,其次是长林40号和鄂油102号;鄂油81号的授粉品种宜选择长林4号和鄂油102号;鄂油102号的最佳授粉品种为鄂油81号,其次是长林3号、长林4号及长林40号。

Oil-tea camellia is the most important woody edible oil tree species in China.To improve fruit setting rate,proper pollination varieties were selected for 3 main Camellia oleifera varieties(i.e.Changlin 4,Eyou 81and Eyou 102)in Hubei Province,China.Pollens were from 5 varieties,Changlin 3,Changlin 4,Changlin 40,Eyou81 and Eyou 102,using natural pollination as control.Fruit setting rate,fruit featrues,seed kernel oil content,and fatty acid contents were investigated.Among them,fruit setting rate of self-pollinated Changlin 4 and Eyou 81 was very low,while that of Eyou 102 was relatively high;pollination varieties had significant effect on fruit setting rate;for Changlin 4,pollination varieties had no significant effect on fruit fresh weight,dry seed rate,dry seed kernel rate,oil content and linoleic acid content,but had significant effect on fruit setting rate and fruit size;for Eyou 81,pollination varieties had no significant effect on dry peel thickness,dry seed kernel rate and kernel oil content,but had significant effect on fruit setting rate,fruit size and fresh weight per fruit;for Eyou 102,pollination varieties had significant effect on fruit setting rate,dry peel thickness,dry seed rate and kernel oil content,but had no significant effect on others.Comprehensively based on fruit setting rate and fruit traits,the best pollination varieties for Changlin 4 was Changlin 3,followed by Changlin 40 and Eyou 102;the suitable pollination varieties for Eyou 81 were Changlin 4 and Eyou 102;the best pollination variety for Eyou 102 was Eyou 81,followed by Changlin 3,Changlin 4 and Changlin 40.