商周“青铜器”的功用分类和金文文化内涵

The Functional Classification of Bronzes in Shang and Zhou Dynasties and the Cultural Connotation of the Bell-cauldron Inscription

金文是指铸刻在商周青铜器上的铭文,其字形比较规范、粗细均匀,符合商周时期“藏礼于器”的礼仪文化特点,被奴隶主贵族用于记录当时祭典、征伐、赐命、契约等事件。在一定程度上反映了当时的经济、政治、文化、礼仪、风俗等。“国之大事,在祀与戎”,青铜器在当时主要作为礼器使用,本质上体现了奴隶社会的宗法制度,是研究中国古代奴隶社会结构不可或缺的重要实物资料,对研究商周社会历史和人类文化史有着重要的意义。在金文中存在着一定数量有关于青铜器的文字,该文通过对这些文字的探究来解读其功用,并进一步解读其文化内涵。

The bell-cauldron inscription refers to the inscription on ancient bronze objects in Shang and Zhou dynasties with a relatively standard shape and uniform thickness,which is in line with the etiquette and cultural characteristics of storing rituals and vessels in the Shang and Zhou dynasties.It was used by slave owners and aristocrats to record the ceremonies,crusades,orders,contracts and other events at that time and reflected the economy,politics,culture,etiquette,customs of that time to some extent.As an old Chinese saying put,'both sacrifices to ancestors or gods and military actions are the most important things for a nation.'Bronze wares were mainly used as ceremonial vessels at that time,which essentially reflected the patriarchal system of the slave society,and was an indispensable material for the study of the social structure of the slavery society in ancient China.It is of great significance to the study of the social history and human cultural history of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.There are a certain number of characters about bronzes in the bell-cauldron inscriptions.This paper interprets their functions and further interprets their cultural connotations through the exploration of these characters.