北京市春季居室内生物污染特征及影响因素分析

Analysis on the characteristics and influencing factors of indoor biological pollution over Beijing in spring

为调查北京市春季居室环境内生物污染情况,2017年3月—4月对32个居民家庭室内灰尘进行了连续5周采样,运用酶联免疫吸附法和倾注平板法分别检测了过敏原和微生物浓度,探讨了喂养宠物、家具使用和环境温湿度对生物浓度的影响。结果表明,过敏原中粉尘螨过敏原Der f1浓度明显高于屋尘螨过敏原Der p1浓度(P<0.001),均值分别为74.91 ng·g^(-1)和13.45 ng·g^(-1)。微生物中细菌浓度明显高于真菌浓度(P<0.001),均值分别为3.06×10^(6) CFU·g^(-1)和5.77×10^(3) CFU·g^(-1)。相关性分析表明,床的使用人年龄与细菌浓度呈显著负相关(P<0.01),温度与细菌浓度、真菌浓度均呈正相关(P<0.05),细菌和真菌间存在正相互作用(P<0.05),其他因素与过敏原、微生物浓度没有相关性。研究显示,北京市居室环境内生物污染物主要为粉尘螨过敏原Der f1和细菌,温度对微生物浓度影响较大。

In order to investigate the biological pollution in the indoor environment over Beijing in spring,the indoor dust samples of 32 households were sampled for 5 weeks from March to April 2017.The concentrations of allergens and microorganisms were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pour plate method,respectively,and the effects of feeding pets,furniture usage,and environmental temperature and humidity on the biological concentrations were discussed.The results showed that from March to April 2017,the concentration of Der f1 allergen in the indoor environment of Beijing was significantly higher than that of Der p1(P<0.001),with the mean values of 74.91 ng·g^(-1) and 13.45 ng·g^(-1),respectively.The bacterial concentration was significantly higher than the fungal concentration(P<0.001),with the mean values of 3.06×10^(6) CFU·g^(-1) and 5.77×10^(3) CFU·g^(-1).The correlation analysis showed that the age of the user of the bed was significantly negatively correlated with the bacterial concentration(P<0.01),the temperature was positively correlated with the bacterial concentration and fungal concentration(P<0.05),and there was a positive interaction between bacteria and fungi(P<0.05).Other factors have no correlation with the concentration of allergens and microorganisms.The study shows that the main biological pollutants in the residential environment in Beijing are the dust mite allergen Der f1 and bacteria,and temperature has an effect on the concentration of microorganisms.