从人称限制角度看日语“感情形容词+人称代词”结构

Research on the Structure of Japanese"Emotional Adjective+Personal Pronoun"from the Perspective of Personal Restriction

日语感情形容词作谓语时有人称限制,只能表达说话人自身的感情。表达他人情感时,要通过后续“がる”“そうだ”等形式来解除人称限制。但是,当感情形容词作定语时,则不存在人称限制。其原因在于:当感情形容词从谓语位置移动到定语位置时,不再是说话人的感情抒发,而是表示感情主体一时的心理状态或持久属性以及他人对于感情主体的评价。因此不仅可与一人称代词组合,还可直接与二、三人称代词组合。此外,感情形容词还可后续“がる”“そうだ”来修饰人称代词。该文通过对具体例子的分析对其不同进行分析。

When Japanese emotional adjectives are used as predicates,some people call them restrictions,which can only express the speaker's own feelings.When expressing other people's feelings,the personal restriction should be lifted through the following forms such as"がる"and"そうだ".However,when emotional adjectives are used as attributes,there is no personal restriction.The reason is that when emotional adjectives move from predicate position to attributive position,it is no longer the emotional expression of the speaker,but the temporary psychological state or lasting attribute of the emotional subject and other people's evaluation of the emotional subject.Therefore,it can be combined not only with one-person pronouns,but also with two or three-person pronouns directly.In addition,emotional adjectives can be followed by"がる"and"そうだ"to modify personal pronouns.This article analyzes its differences through the analysis of specific examples.