《民法典》视野下自然资源国家所有权的实现路径

The Realization Path of State Ownership of Natural Resources under the Perspective of the Civil Code

《民法典》视野下的自然资源国家所有权实现路径依循宪法权利私法化、权利确认及具体行使的递进思路。据此,应以《宪法》第9条及“物权法定主义”为基本遵循确定国有自然资源范围,以《民法典》第209条、第210条为依据构建统一确权登记制度体系。资源所有权行使在宏观层面应以法典确立的基本原则及有偿使用为主线推进资源市场化配置,在微观层面可通过非行政划拨方式的扩张适用、使用权用益物权化及对其他规则的参照适用等予以规制。基于《民法典》第502条的报批义务独立生效解释论有助于自然资源流转合同纠纷中的效力认定及归责。在国家所有权行使与其他权利发生冲突时,可以对集体所有权进行征收和创设任意地役权等方式强化资源利用与保护。

The realization of state ownership of natural resources under the perspective of the Civil Code follows the progressive idea of privatization of constitutional rights,recognition of rights and specific exercise.Accordingly,the scope of state-owned natural resources should be determined by Article 9 of the Constitution and the“legalism of property rights”,and a unified system of registration of rights should be constructed based on Article 209 and Article 210 of the Civil Code.At the macro level,the exercise of resource ownership should promote the market allocation of resources with the basic principles established by the Code and paid use as the main line.while at the micro level,it can be regulated by the extensive application of non-administrative allocation methods,the application of usufruct of use rights and the application of other rules by reference.The interpretation of the independent validity of the obligation to report and approve based on Article 502 of the Civil Code can help determine the validity and scope of responsibility in disputes over natural resources transfer contracts.When the state ownership rights conflict with other rights,the use and protection of resources can be strengthened by expropriation of collective ownership rights and creation of arbitrary easement rights.