国外商业秘密保护的立法安排及其启示

The Legislative Arrangement of Foreign Trade Secret Protection and Its Enlightenment

作为知识产权的客体之一,商业秘密的保护模式具有多样性。近年来,世界许多国家和地区纷纷对保护商业秘密的立法进行修改,并一定程度上展现了制定商业秘密保护专门法的趋向。美国《保护商业秘密法案》与欧盟《商业秘密保护指令》均对商业秘密的定义、侵犯商业秘密的行为、救济方式、免责规定等方面进行规定。商业秘密的重要性逐年攀升,我国以《反不正当竞争法》为核心的立法模式存在弊端。经由多年发展,我国已具备制定商业秘密保护专门法的战略与法律体系基础,建议从商业秘密的定义、侵犯商业秘密行为的认定、商业秘密保护的例外等七个方面出发制定商业秘密保护专门法。

Trade secrets,as one of the subject matters of intellectual property,the protection modes for which are diverse.In recent years,many countries and regions around the world have revised the legislations on the protection of trade secrets,and to some extent showed the trend of adopting specific laws on the protection of trade secrets.Both the Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016 of the United States and the Trade Secret Directive of the EU stipulate the definition of trade secrets,the acts of infringing trade secrets,the means of injunctions and the exemption provisions.The importance of trade secrets is increasing year by year.The legislative model with the Anti-Unfair Competition Law as the core in China has some drawbacks.After years of development,China has the strategy and legal system basis for formulating a specific law for the protection of trade secrets.It is suggested to formulate the law from seven aspects:the definition of trade secrets,the identification of infringement of trade secrets,and the exceptions to the protection of trade secrets and so on.