小学数学知识建构教学的问题导向:从结构化走向非结构化--以《用1~6的乘法口诀求商》的教学改革为例

Problem-Oriented Teaching of Mathematics Knowledge Construction in Primary School: From Structured to Unstructured

传统数学课比较注重结构化问题的教学,尽管这样的教学可以帮助学生形成初步的逻辑思维能力。但是,过于结构化的问题解决教学会限制学生创新思维的发展。本文提出小学数学课中的问题教学要从结构化走向非结构化,在其过渡环节可以运用半结构化的问题解决,才能逐步培养孩子解决复杂现实问题的能力。非结构化问题的解决过程,其实就是知识建构的过程,这需要打破原先的教材结构,转向真实问题情境,引导学生自主完成知识建构的过程。

Traditional mathematics classes pay more attention to the teaching of structured problems,with the intention that such teaching can help students form a preliminary logical thinking ability.However,over-structured problem-solving teaching will limit the development of students'innovative thinking.This paper puts forward that the problem teaching in primary school mathematics class should move from structured to unstructured,and semi-structured problem solving can be used in the transition link,so that it can gradually cultivate children's ability to solve complex practical problems.The process of unstructured problem solving is actually the process of knowledge construction,which needs to break the original textbook structure,to turn to the real problem situation,and to guide students to complete the process of knowledge construction independently.