论法定犯的算法证明方法

The algorithmic proof of administrative offense

算法颠覆了传统要件事实的单一人工认定模式。算法参数根据构成要件来搭建,海量数据集作为证据的“此岸”通过算法证明到达要件事实的“彼岸”,因此算法是一种技术证明方法。但算法证明并非适用全部犯罪形态,法定犯因其行为规范的强结构化、行为证据的电子数据化及事实认定的“形式化”,便于算法证明的框架建构。自方法论意义而言,算法证明的本质是利用数学统计方法解决证据推论问题。算法证明方法与印证并无冲突,算法证明方法具有证明过程的进阶性、证明方向的一致性特征,是权力主导型证明结构,因此算法证明与印证证明是包含关系。鉴于此,基于法官既有的规范依赖型事实认知模式,应当建立算法的技术标准以解决证明领域的算法解释黑箱。

Algorithms subvert the elemental facts determination mode which is traditionally solely done by the trier of fact.The parameters of the algorithm are built on the basis of crime elements.The massive data set used as evidence from“this shore”can reach“the other shore”of elemental facts through the algorithmic proof method.Therefore,the algorithm is a technical proof method.However,algorithmic proof is not applicable to all forms of crime.Algorithmic proof framework can be easily established in administrative offense cases,for such offense bears strong structure in conduct definition,the evidence of conduct is easy to be electronically digitalized,and the fact-finding of such offense is close to a“formalization process”.From the methodological point of view,the essence of algorithmic proof is to use mathematical statistical methods to solve the problem of proof inference.There is no conflict between the algorithmic proof method and the corroboration proof method.The algorithmic proof method is marked with the step-forward mode of the proof process and the consistency of the proof goal.It is a power dominated proof structure.Therefore,the algorithmic proof is entailed in the corroboration proof.Accordingly,the existing norm-dependent factual cognition mode applied by judges should be improved by introducing the algorithmic proof method.The establishment of technical standards of algorithms can solve the black box problem of algorithm interpretation in the field of proof.