《民法典》中“道德义务性质”赠与的类型化

Classification of Gifting with Moral Obligation Nature in the Civil Code

在“无偿+诺成+非要式”的契约模式下,“道德义务性质”赠与排除任意撤销权的理论正当性可以得到证成。实务中“道德义务性质”赠与纠纷可类型化为四种,应分别予以处理。离婚协议中对未成年子女的财产赠与条款具有“道德义务性质”;夫妻间赠与具有“道德义务性质”;父母对成年子女的赠与原则上不具有“道德义务性质”,但促进成年子女婚姻关系缔结的赠与除外;其他亲属间赠与,仅近亲属及长期共同生活的其他亲属间的“扶助”性赠与具有“道德义务性质”。

Under the contract mode of “gratuitous + consensual + informal”, the theoretical legitimacy that the right of arbitrary revocation shall not apply to gifting with moral obligation nature can be proved. In judicial practice, disputes deriving from gifting with moral obligation nature can be classified into four types and dealt with respectively as follows:(1)Property gifting to minor children in the clauses of divorce agreements is of moral obligation nature;(2)Gifting between couples is of moral obligation nature;(3)Gifting from parents to adult children is, in principle, not of moral obligation nature, except gifting that promotes the marriage of adult children;(4)The supportive gifting between close relatives or other relatives living together for a long time is of moral obligation nature, while that between relatives in other circumstances is not of.