从“分流”走向“融通”:职普协调发展的路径研究

From “Streaming” to “Permeability”: Study on Coordinated Development Paths of Vocational and General Education

职普分流是两种教育类型协调发展的产物,关系到学生的受教育质量,与社会分层、分层管理密切相关。由于我国职普分流机制和手段的僵化和落后,导致职普分流的本意逐渐异化。教育部门强力维系职普比大体相当,而职业教育的内涵和功能缺乏显现,导致分流焦虑现象蔓延,进而加剧初中学段教育内卷。新修订的《职业教育法》以职普融通替代分流,有利于保证教育个性,满足大国工匠需求,实现教育公平愿景。职普融通首先强调职业教育的内涵建设,必须保证职普之间的实质平等;其次,在职普融合上寻找二者的“中间道路”,丰富高职学段层次,促进职普优势互补;第三,在职普流通上保证中高等职业教育的贯通,实现学生职普选择的机会自由,建立学分互认机制并加强义务教育阶段的职业与劳动教育。

As a product of the coordinated development of vocational and general education, education streaming is closely related to the quality of students’ education and social stratification. Due to the rigidity and backwardness of the mechanism and means of education streaming, the original intention of education streaming is gradually alienated. The education department uses administrative means to maintain the equal ratio of vocational and general education, while the connotation and function of vocational education is lacking. This leads to the spread of triage anxiety, which further intensifies the education competition in middle and high schools. The new Vocational Education Law replaces education permeability with education streaming. Education permeability is conducive to ensure the individuality of education, meet the demand for skilled talents with economic development, and realize the vision of education fairness. For this reason, vocational education should first emphasize the connotation construction and ensure the essential equality of vocational education. To find the“middle way”that the two can bridge together in the integration of education, enrich the academic level of higher vocational education and promote the complementary advantages of vocational and general education. In terms of in-service general circulation, we should ensure the connection of secondary and higher vocational education, guarantee students’ freedom of education choice, establish credit mutual recognition mechanism and strengthen vocational and labor education in compulsory education stage.