有限元分析在膝关节植入物生物力学研究中的应用进展

The Research Progress of Finite Element Analysis on the Biomechanics of Knee Implants

膝关节植入物常被用来替换膝关节受损组织,恢复膝关节的正常功能和关节内正常的应力分布。有限元分析(FEA)可利用有限的、相互连接的单元对膝关节植入物植入后的膝关节应力进行精准、快捷的计算,直观的展现植入物植入后的膝关节应力分布情况。本研究通过中国知网、Web of Science、PubMed等数据库调研FEA在膝关节植入物生物力学研究中应用的相关文献,以人工膝关节、人工半月板和前交叉韧带移植物为主体,阐述了通过FEA分析植入物在不同材料结构设置和植入条件下对术后膝关节应力分布的影响,并分析了该领域现存的技术问题及未来的发展方向。

Knee joint implants are widely used to replace damaged tissue in the knee joint,restoring normal function and normal stress distribution within the joint.Finite element analysis(FEA)can use limited and interconnected elements to accurately and quickly calculate the knee joint stress,and intuitively display the knee joint stress distribution after im⁃plantation.In this paper,we review the literature of finite element method in the field of biomechanics of knee implants through databases such as CNKI,Web of Science and PubMed.We take artificial knee joint,artificial meniscus and ante⁃rior cruciate ligament graft as the main topics,and analyze the influence of implants on the stress distribution of postopera⁃tive knee joints under different materials,structural settings and implantation conditions.The current technical problems and future development directions in this field are presented.