中美竞争下东盟不干涉原则的嬗变--以东盟应对缅甸政局变化为例

The Evolution of ASEAN’s Non-interference Principle under China-US Competition--Taking ASEAN’s Response to the Political Change in Myanmar as an Example

作为东盟组织规范的基石,不干涉(内政)原则在确保东南亚各国政体安全的基础上,促进了成员国之间的团结,抵制了外部干预,有助于东盟在地区事务中保持自主性和中心地位。拜登政府上台后,美国借民主、自由等意识形态工具,加强与中国竞争,同时在“印太战略”框架下重组地缘政治力量,对东盟不干涉原则构成“规范性压力”,使其产生的客观性根源、数十年来的价值和效用,以及东盟最根本的诉求都面临新挑战。从东盟应对缅甸国内政局变化的过程可以看出,不干涉原则虽然仍是东盟集体强调的核心规范,但其外交话语出现了向干涉性叙事的明显转变;具体行动倾向于采取以往少有的干涉性举措;决策标准凸显意识形态考量的影响。未来,这一重要规范的变化不仅事关东盟应对缅甸问题的政策效果,也将影响东盟在大国竞争环境下的发展前景。

As the cornerstone of ASEAN’s organizational norms,the principle of non-interference in internal affairs,on the basis of ensuring the security of Southeast Asian countries’polity,promotes the unity of member countries,resists external interference,and helps ASEAN maintain its autonomy and centrality in regional affairs.After the Biden administration took office,the United States used ideological tools such as democracy and freedom to intensify competition with China,while reorganizing its geopolitical power under the framework of“IndoPacific Strategy”,thus putting“normative pressure”on the principle of non-interference pursued by ASEAN,and bringing its objective root,decades-long value and utility,as well as the most fundamental aspiration of ASEAN to face new challenges.It can be seen from the process of ASEAN’s response to the change of Myanmar’s domestic political situation that although the principle of non-interference is still the core norm that ASEAN collectively emphasizes,its diplomatic discourse has obviously changed to the interventional narrative;specific actions tend to be more intrusive than in the past;and the decision criteria highlight the influence of ideological considerations.In the future,the change of this important norm will affect not only the policy effect of ASEAN to deal with the Myanmar issue,but also the development prospect of ASEAN amid major-country competition.