中国—东盟关系的政党路径:基于十八大以来中国共产党对东南亚交往的考察

Party-based Approach to China-ASEAN Relations: An Analysis of Interactions Between the CPC and Southeast Asia since the 18th Party Congress

中国共产党以政党名义与东南亚的政党、政要建立了有别于传统外交联系的交往关系,这一跨国交往的政党路径构成了中国—东盟关系的重要部分。2013年至2021年间,中国共产党与东南亚交往对象间至少开展了489次高层次交往活动。东南亚各国的执政党精英是中国共产党的主要交往对象,但视乎具体情势,中国共产党与一些国家的非执政党精英亦有频繁交往。交往活动可以分为日常联络和知识交流两类,后者频次所占比例接近总数的一半。中国共产党对东南亚交往产生了建构正面认知、促进政策沟通、传播治理知识等政治效应,其正面作用的彰显有赖于交往对象能动性的发挥。中国共产党对东南亚交往呈现出议题拓展、制度化和多边化等三种互动而有张力的趋势,以政党为基础的新型跨国治理网络或正浮现。

In the capacity of a political party per se, the Communist Party of China(CPC) has established relationships with political parties and political figures in Southeast Asia that distinguish from traditional diplomatic linkages. This party-based approach to transnational interactions constitutes an important component of China-ASEAN relations. Between 2013 and 2021, at least 489 high-level activities have taken place between the CPC and its Southeast Asian counterparts. Ruling elites in Southeast Asia are the CPC’s main interlocutors. Depending on the political circumstances, the CPC has been in frequent contact with non-ruling elites in some countries as well. Party-based interactions can be categorized into two types: daily communications and knowledge exchanges, with the latter comprising nearly half of all the activities. The CPC’s interactions with Southeast Asia have the effect of constructing positive perceptions, facilitating policy communications, and propagating governance knowledge. These positive effects hinge on the agency of the CPC’s Southeast Asian counterparts. Three tendencies could be observed-issue area expansion, institutionalization, and multilaterization-that interact with, while also in tension with, one another. The party-based interactions might ultimately give rise to a novel, party-based network of transnational governance.