美国战略界对中国“军民融合”发展战略的认知与行为反应

Cognition, Suppression and Influence of American Strategic Circles on China’s “Military-Civil Fusion” Development Strategy

近年来,包括智库、国会、政府等在内的美国战略界高度关注中国“军民融合”发展战略。美国战略界认为,该战略利用国际科研合作与全球商业实践“透明、自由、开放”的环境,采取包括“网络盗窃”、“商业间谍”、海外风险投资、人才招聘、战略性收购、派遣留学生学习STEM等多种“技术转移”策略获取美国等西方国家的先进军民两用技术,以实现“赶超美国的军事现代化”。中国追求科技强军的军民融合对美国全球创新领导地位及军事优势构成了“前所未有的挑战”。基于上述负面认知,美国除加大国内科研投入以确保相对于中国的军事竞争优势外,还对中国“涉军”企业、高校、留学生、研究人员采取强化出口管制、扩大外资审查范围、加强签证审查、打击“中国间谍”、组建国际“防范联盟”等手段,以防止中国“转移”西方先进技术。美国对中国军民融合战略的打压呈现出多领域、跨部门、全社会、超国界的特征,严重干扰了中美之间及中国与国际社会之间正常的经贸往来、科技合作和人文社会交流,也对美国自身利益产生反噬后果。

In recent years, American strategic circles, including think tanks, Congress and government, have paid close attention to China’s “Military-Civil Fusion” development strategy. The U.S. strategic circles believe that the strategy takes advantage of the “transparent, free and open” environment of international scientific research cooperation and global business practice, and adopts a variety of “technology transfer” tactics including “cyber theft, ” “commercial espionage, ” overseas venture capital, talent recruitment, strategic acquisition, sending overseas students to study STEM, etc., to obtain advanced military and civilian dual-use technologies in the United States and the West, so as to “catch up with the military modernization of the United States.” China’s pursuit of strengthening the army through “Military-Civil Fusion” poses an “unprecedented challenge” to the global innovation leadership and military superiority of the United States. Based on the above negative cognition, the United States not only increases domestic investment in scientific research to ensure its military competitive advantage over China, but also takes measures such as strengthening export control, expanding the scope of foreign investment examination, strengthening visa examination, cracking down on “Chinese spies” and establishing international “coalitions of caution” to prevent China from “transferring” western advanced technology. The suppression of China’s “Military-Civil Fusion” strategy by the United States is characterized by multi-fields, cross-departments, the whole society and transcending national boundaries, which seriously interferes with the normal economic and trade exchanges, scientific and technological cooperation and humanities and social exchanges between China and the United States and between China and the international community, and also has a counter-attack on the interests of the United States.