淀粉复合膜的制备、性能及应用研究进展

Research Process on Preparation,Properties and Application of Starch Composite Films

生物经济正在加速改变食品、环境、医疗和能源等行业,这引起了工商业、学术界和政府的高度关注,因此对天然高分子等生物资源的研究、开发和利用意义重大。天然淀粉因具有来源广泛、价格低廉、无毒、无免疫原、可生物降解和再生、黏附性和生物相容性良好等优点而倍受青睐,但单淀粉膜却有耐水性差、强度低等缺陷,通过化学键和分子间作用力与其它材料复合可改善其性能。本文综述了用纤维素、壳聚糖、蛋白质、脂肪族聚酯、聚乙烯醇、聚烯烃塑料、纳米氧化物、黏土、磷(膦)酸锆和纤维等改性淀粉,通过溶剂浇铸、压塑、挤出吹塑和注塑成型等制备复合膜,总结了这些复合膜的耐水性、力学性能、生物降解性、水蒸气透过性、热稳定性、相容性和抗菌性及其在食品包装、环境和生物医药等领域的应用。最后,展望了超临界流体、超声活化等技术处理改性后的淀粉有利于膜性能的改善;生物相容性良好的新型插层材料是未来的研究方向。

The Bioeconomy has attracted extensive attention from industry and commerce,academia and government owing to the fast-paced transformation of food,environment,medicine,energy and other industries.Thus,it is of vital significance to effectively analyze,develop,and utilize biological resources such as natural macromolecules.Natural starch is favored due to its wide source,low price,non-toxicity,non-immunogenicity,biodegradation,regeneration,excellent adhesion and biocompatibility.However,starch films exhibit poor water resistance and strength.In this respect,the functional properties of the starch films can be improved by blending them with other materials owing to the chemical bonding and intermolecular forces.This review introduces the preparation of starch composite films with cellulose,chitosan,protein,aliphatic polyester,polyvinyl alcohol,polyolefin plastics,nano-oxide,clay,zirconium phosphate(phosphonate)and fiber by solvent casting,compression,extrusion and injection blow molding.And then it summarizes the water resistance,mechanical properties,biodegradability,water vapor permeability,thermal stability,compatibility and bacterial resistance of composite films,and discusses the applications of composite films in the food packaging,environment and biomedicine fields.This review prospects that the supercritical fluid and ultrasonic activation impart the modified starch with improved film properties,and the research direction is at excellent biocompatibility intercalation material in future.