就业质量、社会资本与农民工的获得感

Employment Quality, Social Capital and Peasant Workers ' Sense of Gain

农民工是我国产业工人的主体,但一直以来都是我国城市社会体系中的弱势群体,经济、政治、文化获得感亟待提高。借鉴人口迁移等理论和农民工获得感的相关研究成果,构建了农民工获得感假设模型。基于广州、长沙、贵阳三地428份样本数据,并利用结构方程模型法实证分析农民工获得感及影响因素与作用机理后表明:5分制自我评价下,农民工的获得感均值为3.24分,提升空间很大;“工作收入”“社会保障”和“城市融入”能较好地表征农民工的获得感,三者均对农民工的获得感具有显著正向影响,影响强度从大到小依次排列;就业质量、社会资本均对农民工获得感具有显著正向影响,路径系数分别为0.632和0.507,就业质量的影响强度高于社会资本。据此,应着力提升农民工就业质量,加大农民工社会资本培育力度,发挥社会团体、民办非企业单位的物质支持作用和社会动员优势,用好官方公益机构的组织优势,并激发农民工自身动力,有效提升农民工群体各方面获得感。

Migrant workers are the main body of industrial workers in China,but they have always been a vulnerable group in China's urban social system,and their sense of economic,political and cultural acquisition needs to be improved urgently.Based on the theory of population migration and the relevant research results of migrant workers'sense of gain,a hypothesis model of migrant workers'sense of gain is constructed.Based on 428 sample data from Guangzhou,Changsha and Guiyang,this paper uses structural equation model to empirically analyze the sense of gain of migrant workers and its influencing factors and mechanism of action.The results show that under the 5-point self-evaluation system,the average sense of gain of migrant workers is 3.24 points,and there is a lot of room for improvement;"Work income,""social security"and"urban integration"can better characterize the sense of gain of migrant workers.All three have a significant positive impact on the sense of gain of migrant workers,and the impact intensity is arranged in descending order;both employment quality and social capital have a significant positive impact on migrant workers'sense of gain,with path coefficients of 0.632 and 0.507,respectively.The impact of employment quality is stronger than that of social capital.Accordingly,efforts should be made to improve the employment quality of migrant workers,increase the cultivation of social capital of migrant workers,give full play to the material support role and social mobilization advantages of social organizations and private non-enterprise units,make good use of the organizational advantages of official public welfare institutions,and stimulate the motivation of migrant workers themselves,so as to effectively enhance the sense of gain of migrant workers in all aspects.