从消极到积极救助:我国社会救助制度发展中的问题与完善路径

From Negative to Positive Assistance: Problems and Improvement Paths in the Development of China’s Social Assistance System

我国社会救助制度经过不断发展与改革,现已形成基础制度框架,包括基本救助、专项救助、临时救助和补充救助四个层次。作为民生保障的“最后一道防线”,在我国社会经济发展的不同阶段,社会救助制度都发挥了重要作用。当前,我国进入社会经济发展新阶段,社会环境发生了巨大变化,受制度路径依赖影响,现阶段的社会救助制度呈现出救助类型仍偏补救型、递送环节缺乏“中间体”、绩效评价缺少细则以及救助主体多元参与的协调性不足等问题。因此,应转换积极的救助理念,建设“高质量、精细化、可持续”发展的社会救助制度,更好地发挥社会救助的功能。

After continuous development and reform, China’s social assistance system has formed a basic institutional framework, including four levels of basic assistance, special assistance, temporary assistance and supplementary assistance. As the “last line of defense” for people’s livelihood security, the social assistance system has played an important role in different stages of China’s socio-economic development. At present, China has entered a new stage of social and economic development, and the social environment has undergone tremendous changes. Influenced by the dependence of the system path, the current social assistance system shows that the type of assistance is still remedial, the delivery link lacks “intermediates”, the performance evaluation lacks detailed rules, and the coordination of multiple participation of the relief subject is insufficient. Therefore, we should transform the positive assistance concept, build a “high-quality, refined and sustainable” social assistance system, and better play the role of social assistance.