外泌体在恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用及临床应用

Exosomes in the occurrence and development of cancer and its clinical application

外泌体是细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)的一个亚类,具有脂质双分子层结构,平均大小为100 nm。所有真核细胞都可以分泌外泌体,故其普遍存在于各种体液当中。外泌体最初被认为是机体处理细胞碎片的处理站,现如今越来越多的研究已经证实外泌体可以通过传递生物活性分子来介导细胞间通信以维持正常生理状态或引发疾病,并与癌症的发生发展密不可分。此外,外泌体可以作为临床疾病,包括恶性肿瘤的诊断和预后生物标志物,也可作为肿瘤临床治疗的潜在靶点以及临床药物的运载体,为终末期肿瘤患者带来福音。本文对外泌体在恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用及其临床应用进行综述。

Exosomes are a subclass of extracellular vesicles(EVs)and have a lipid bilayer structure with an average size of 100 nm.All eukaryotic cells can secrete exosomes,so they are ubiquitous in body fluids.Exosomes were originally considered as the recycle bin for cell debris.Nowadays,more and more studies have confirmed that exosomes can mediate communications between cells by delivering biologically active molecules to maintain normal physiological conditions or cause diseases,moreover,it is involved in the occurrence and development of cancer.In addition,exosome can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of clinical diseases,including cancers,as well as potential targets for clinical treatment of tumors and as therapeutic drug carriers.This article reviews the role of exosomes in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors and explores its potential clinical application.