纳米金属有机框架在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用

The Application of Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks for Tumor Targeted Therapy

金属有机框架材料(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)是一类由金属离子和功能有机配体通过配位键构成的多孔配位聚合物,具有易于合成和功能化、结构可调、比表面积大以及负载量高等特点,已被广泛应用于催化、气体吸附、分离、存储、传感和检测等领域。纳米金属有机框架(Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks,NMOFs)具有纳米颗粒的特殊性质,在肿瘤治疗中显示出良好的应用前景。NMOFs自身可以作为治疗剂,也可以作为治疗剂(药物、光热剂、光敏剂和芬顿反应催化剂等)的纳米载体,进行肿瘤的被动靶向、物理化学靶向和主动靶向治疗。本综述重点介绍了将NMOFs用于肿瘤药物化疗(Chemotherapy,CT)、光热治疗(Photothermal therapy,PTT)、光动力治疗(Photodynamic therapy,PDT)、化学动力学治疗(Chemodynamic therapy,CDT),以及多种联合治疗的研究进展。最后阐述了目前NMOFs在肿瘤治疗中面临的挑战及其未来的发展前景。

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are a kind of porous coordination polymers formed by the assembly of metal ions and organic ligands,exhibit excellent advantages as a nanocarrier,such as easy modification,high drug loading as well as controllable drug release.The diversities of metal ions and organic ligands lead to the diversities of MOFs,which make them wide application in many fields such as storage and separation,catalysis,sensing,biomedical application and others.With high porosity,versatile MOFs allow for the facile encapsulation of various therapeutic agents with exceptionally high payloads.Especially when the particle size of MOFs is controlled down to the nanometer level,named nanoscale metal-organic frameworks(NMOFs),they exhibit a series of structural advantages.Based on the above advantages,NMOFs exhibit excellent application prospects for drug delivery and cancer therapy.NMOFs can be used as therapeutic agents,as well as nanocarriers of drug,photothermal agents,photosensitizers and Fenton reaction catalysis to using passive targeting,active targeting,physicochemical targeting,or combination of the three.The review focuses on the application of chemotherapy(CT),photothermal therapy(PTT),photodynamic therapy(PDT),chemodynamic therapy(CDT)and various combination therapies.Finally,we will elaborate the current challenges and future development prospects of NMOFs in cancer application.