互联网数据中心负荷时空可转移特性建模与协同优化:驱动力与研究架构

Modeling and Coordinated Optimization for Spatiotemporal Load Regulation Potentials of Internet Data Centers: Motivation and Architecture

充分挖掘系统外灵活性资源对于支撑建设以新能源为主体的新型电力系统和实现双碳目标具有重要意义。为了充分利用具备时空调节潜力的互联网数据中心(internet data center,IDC)负荷这一潜力可观的特殊柔性需求响应资源,该文首先分析IDC负荷时空可转移特性建模与协同优化的驱动力,在此基础上,提出一种基于IDC负荷需求响应的“算力+电力”协同优化研究架构。该研究架构从能源视角将IDC负荷所在的算力网络建模为以负荷调节量表征的等值模型,全貌且直观地呈现算力系统中灵活资源的网络化调节特性。在此基础上,提出计及IDC负荷优化运行的电网规划与运行方法、以及时空耦合需求响应定价与聚合方法,从而形成经济调度-价格激励的闭环引导,实现IDC负荷感知电力系统运行情况并按系统需求调整其用电消费行为的目标。该研究架构在IDC负荷特性分析、计算效率、社会福利增加、和市场收入充足等方面具有优势。最后,对包含多元海量时空可转移负荷的广义“虚拟电厂”进行展望。

Internet data centers(IDC) can act as important demand response(DR) resources to potentially support the reconstruction of new-type power system due to their great temporal and spatial load regulation potentials. This paper first reviewed the motivation of modeling and coordinated optimization for spatiotemporal IDC load regulation potentials,and then proposed an IDC DR-based coordinated optimization architecture of electrical power and computing power to make the full use of IDC load regulation potentials. In this architecture, the computing power network was abstracted to an equivalent model with electrical topology and electrical components, representing the networked load regulation potentials. Furthermore, IDC-considered power system planning and operation methods, an IDC DR pricing method,and an aggregated IDC DR method, worked together for engaging IDC DR. The architecture can capture the advantages in load characteristic analyses, computational efficiency,welfare growth, and market’s revenue adequacy. At last, the outlook of future spatiotemporally-coupled DR was explored.