国土空间生态风险评估的国际经验比较及启示

Comparison of international experiences and enlightenment on ecological risk assessment in national territory spatial planning

随着国土空间生态风险评估体系编制工作的深入推进,评估方法显露出一些不足,评估体系尚需完善及提升。本文首先梳理并对比分析了美国、欧洲、澳大利亚生态风险评估模式的发展演进趋势及特征,其次,总结了我国国土空间生态风险评估的发展历程与基本框架,最后,结合我国当前国土空间生态风险评估的现实诉求,在借鉴国际经验的基础上,从认知演进、方法补充、视野转变等方面提出构建我国生态风险评估体系的建议。

Ecological risk assessment is an important basic work of national territory spatial planning in China. With the deepening of the preparation work, some deficiencies have been exposed in the land space ecological risk assessment method at this stage, and the assessment system needs to be improved. Firstly, this paper combs and compares the ecological risk assessment models of the United States, Europe and Australia, and summarizes the development process and basic framework of land and space ecological risk assessment in China. Then, it clearly puts forward three practical demands for China’s current land and space ecological risk assessment: paying attention to ecosystem services and their value, dynamically assessing the mutual feeding state of human and natural systems in the space-time dimension, and identifying and unifying the assessment units of different land and space scales. Finally, on the basis of learning from international experience, this paper puts forward three suggestions on the construction of China’s ecological risk assessment system: cognitive evolution, method supplement and vision transformation.