《国家与革命》和唯物史观中国化的演进(1919-1949)

State and Revolution and the Evolution of Sinicization of Historical Materialism(1919—1949)

作为一部经典著作,列宁的《国家与革命》基于20世纪以来的现实逻辑凸显了研究倾向由马克思式的“经济一政治”向“国家一革命”的转变,也就是强调以上层建筑的反作用来助推经济基础而释放生产力,从而使唯物史观在俄国呈现出革命主义形态。随着俄国十月革命的胜利以及中国革命实践的需要,以“革命”解读“国家”的路径逐渐成为中国知识界的普遍关注点。然而,由于历史与主体的局限性,俄国化的唯物史观在早期传播过程中或是被误读或是被照搬,表明理论上的破旧立新不仅要有直面历史论题的理论自觉和实践魄力,亦需要辩证地思考整合微观经济关系与宏观政治权力,也即经济基础与上层建筑的关系。正基于此,以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人把俄国式的革命主义与近代中国的特有国情加以结合,综合创新,实现了唯物史观的中国化,彰显出独具特色的理论与实践价值。

As a classic,Lenin's State and Revolution based on the logic of reality since the 20th century,which highlights the research paradigm from"economy-politics"to"state-revolution",also is the emphasis on the adverse effects of the superstructure to boost the economic foundation and release the productive forces,so that the historical materialism in Russia presents a revolutionary doctrine.With the victory of the October Revolution in Russia and the need of the practice of the Chinese revolution,the way of interpreting the"country"by"revolution"had gradually become the universal concern of the Chinese intellectual circle.However,due to the limitations of history and subject,the Russian style historical materialism in the early stages of spread always was misread or copied,which shows that to break old theories and build new ones need not only the theoretical consciousness and practical courage to face the topic of history,but also to think dialectically about the integration of micro-economic relations and macro-political power,which is,the relationship between economic foundation and superstructure.Based on this,the Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong combined the Russian revolutionary doctrine with the unique national conditions of modern China,made comprehensive innovation,realized the Sinicization of historical materialism,and showed unique theoretical and practical value.