江西省地质灾害专业监测预警存在的问题与展望

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR PROFESSIONAL MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING OF GEO-HAZARDS IN JIANGXI PROVINCE

专业监测预警是地质灾害防治的重要手段,是“人防+技防”中“技防”的核心要素。江西省在20世纪90年代就已尝试开展专业监测点建设,但发展一直缓慢,监测设备类型也较为简单;2020年和2021年,随着专群结合地质灾害专业监测预警工程的实施,江西省专业监测点建设规模急剧扩张,并出现一些新的监测设备类型。截至2021年底,江西省共建成专业监测点1173处,总计投资9413.5万元。目前,江西省专业监测预警中存在经验不足、技术基础薄弱、各类预警系统林立、监测预警效果欠佳、经济效益不高、防治工作量增加等突出问题。存在的问题及宏观防灾减灾形势,江西省对专业监测预警的进一步地推广铺开没有迫切需求。为使已建成的专业监测点发挥应有的监测预警效用,目前亟待起草适合江西省情的专业监测预警详细技术指南,并整合各类预警系统。树立正确的预警认识,认识到专业监测的局限性,“人防”仍重于“技防”。江西省专业监测预警的未来趋势,一是以区域性气象风险预警为主,辅助开展典型隐患点专业监测;二是针对重要的突发性险情,开展短期临时性专业监测。

Professional monitoring and early warning is an important means of geo-hazards prevention and is the core element of"technical prevention"in"Civil Air Defense+technical prevention".Jiangxi Province has tried to build professional monitoring points in the 1990s,but the development has been slow and the type of monitoring equipment is relatively simple;In 2020and 2021,with the implementation of the professional monitoring and early warning project of combining special groups with geo-hazards,the construction scale of professional monitoring points in Jiangxi Province expanded sharply,and some new types of monitoring equipment appeared.By the end of 2021,1173professional monitoring points have been built in Jiangxi Province,with a total investment of 9413.5million yuan.At present,there are some prominent problems in professional monitoring and early warning in Jiangxi Province,such as insufficient experience,weak technical foundation,numerous early warning systems,poor monitoring and early warning effect,low economic benefit,increased prevention and control workload and so on.There is no urgent need for the further promotion of professional monitoring and early warning.In order to make the established professional monitoring points play their due role in monitoring and early warning,it is urgent to draft a detailed technical guide for professional monitoring and early warning suitable for the situation of Jiangxi Province,and integrate various early warning systems.Establish a correct understanding of early warning and recognize the limitations of professional monitoring,"civil air defense"is still more important than"technical defense".The development trend of professional monitoring and early warning in Jiangxi Province is to focus on regional meteorological risk early warning and assist in professional monitoring of typical hidden danger points,and to carry out short-term temporary professional monitoring for important sudden dangerous situations.