延安传统与20世纪50年代的戏曲改革

Yan’an Tradition&the Reform of the Traditional Opera in the 1950s

在中华人民共和国成立后的社会文化变革中,戏曲的改造是一个极为重要的组成部分。改革初期由于缺乏经验、急于求成,出现了一系列的问题,导致戏曲行业陷入了严重的萧条。由此中央文化部组织召开1950年全国戏曲工作会议,其最重要的意义在于拨乱反正。与会者对之前出现的问题进行反思,并就解决措施制定相应的对策。根据该会议内容整理形成的《全国戏曲工作会议关于戏曲改进工作向文化部的建议》,以及中央政务院在此基础上签发的“五五指示”奠定了后续戏曲发展的基本思路,形成了1958年“两条腿走路”及1960年“三并举”的健康发展态势。

Opera(Xiqu)is one of the extremely important social and cultural transformation after the founding of New China.Due to the reformers’eagerness for success and lack of experience,a series of problems appear,resulting in a serious depression of opera.In this context,the Central Ministry of Culture organized the National Opera Work Conference in 1950,of which the most important significance is to bring things back to order.The participantes reflect on the above mentioned problems and decide on corresponding countermeasures.The Proposals to Improve Operatic Work to the Minister of Culture compiled according to the contents of the national operatic working conference,and the“The Instructions of the Five Fifth”issued by the Central Government Affairs Council formulate the basic way of the future development for opera,and lead to a healthy development with“walking on two legs”in 1958 and“three simultaneous development”in 1960.