女性负面身体自我的干预:注意偏向的训练策略

The Intervention of Female Negative Physical Self:The Modification Strategy of Attention Bias

目的:探究注意偏向训练对女性负面身体自我的干预效果。方法:采用《负面身体自我量表》筛选出60名体胖和60名相貌负面身体自我女性(分别随机分配到干预组和对照组),通过改编的点探测范式进行注意偏向干预。结果:(1)干预组胖负面身体自我女性(n=30)的消极注意偏向分数在即时后测(t(29)=3.61,P<0.01,d=0.66)和两周后(t(29)=3.21,P<0.01,d=0.59)的测验中显著低于前测,而积极注意偏向分数只在即时后测时(t(29)=2.95,P<0.05,d=0.54)高于前测;(2)干预组相貌负面身体自我女性的消极注意偏向分数在即时后测(t(29)=3.02,P<0.01,d=0.55)和两周后(t(29)=2.54,P<0.05,d=0.46)的测验中显著低于前测。结论:(1)注意偏向训练可以降低胖负面身体自我女性对体型相关信息的消极注意偏向且具有稳定性,也可以短期增加其对体型相关信息的积极注意偏向;(2)注意偏向训练可以降低相貌负面身体自我女性对相貌相关信息的消极注意偏向并且具有稳定性。

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of attention bias modification on women with negative physical self.Methods:Sixty female college students with fat negative physical self and 60 female college students with appearance negative physical self were(randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group)selected by Negative Physi⁃cal Self Scale.The intervention was carried out by dot probe task.Results:(1)The negative attentional bias of the partici⁃pants with fat negative physical self(n=30)in the experimental group in the immediate post-test(t(29)=3.61,P<0.01,d=0.66)and in the test of two weeks later(t(29)=3.21,P<0.01,d=0.59)was significantly lower than that in the prior test.Their positive attentional bias,however,was significantly higher only in the immediate post-test(t(29)=2.95,P<0.05,d=0.54)than that in the prior test;(2)The negative attentional bias of the participants with appearance negative physical self in the experimental group in the immediate post-test(t(29)=3.02,P<0.01,d=0.55)and in the test of two weeks later(t(29)=2.54,P<0.05,d=0.46)were significantly lower than that in the prior test.Conclusion:(1)Modification of attention bias can not only reduce the negative attentional bias of female fat negative physical self,but also temporary increase their positive atten⁃tional bias;(2)Modification of attention bias can steadily reduce the negative attention bias of female facial negative physi⁃cal self.