新冠疫情暴发前后医务人员流感疫苗接种情况及影响因素

Influenza Vaccination Rate and Influencing Factors of Medical Staff Before and After the Epidemic of Covid-19

目的:了解贵州省流感监测哨点医院医务人员在新冠疫情前后流感疫苗接种现状及影响因素,为全省医务人员流感疫苗接种策略提供参考。方法:抽取全省13家流感监测哨点医院医护人员共2261人,在知情同意的原则下通过微信扫码自愿参与自填式问卷调查,采用卡方检验和多因素logistic回归模型进行数据分析。结果:2018-2019年度流感疫苗接种率为6.63%,2020-2021年度接种率为22.60%,两个年度接种率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=53.725,P<0.0001)。新冠疫情发生后,医务人员对于接种疫苗是预防流感的最佳措施、流感疫苗的接种时间、流感疫苗需每年接种等疫苗相关知识知晓率均高于新冠疫情发生前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影响流感疫苗接种率的主要因素有担心感染后传染给病人、担心感染后因治疗请假造成经济损失、接种方便、费用不高等。已接种疫苗的医护人员推荐率均高于未接种组(2018-2019年度:χ^(2)=4.801,P<0.028;2020-2021年度:χ^(2)=51.781,P<0.0001)。新冠疫情发生前后接种组支持比例均高于未接种组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。结论:新冠疫情发生后,贵州省流感监测哨点医院医务人员流感疫苗接种率明显提高,强制接种及免费接种是提高医务人员接种的主要措施,应加强宣传和政策支持,充分发挥医务人员的示范和带头作用。

Objective:For drawing up further strategy,the current situation and influencing factors of influenza vaccination among medical personnel in sentinel hospitals in Guizhou province before and after the epidemic of COVID-19 was investigated.Methods:2261 people from 13 influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Guizhou province were selected to voluntarily participate in a self-administered questionnaire via WeChat under the principle of informed consent.χ~2test and logistic regression model were used to analyze.Results:The vaccination rate was 6.63%in 2018-2019 and 22.60%in 2020-2021,with a statistically significant difference in two years(χ^(2)=53.725,P<0.0001).After COVID-19 outbreak,medical staff recognized that vaccination was the best measure to prevent influenza,the related knowledge was known well than before,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Some reasons affecting influenza vaccination were the major factors,such as infecting patients after exposing,financial loss due to taking time off for treatment after infection,convenience of vaccination,and low cost.The recommended rates were higher for all vaccinated healthcare workers than the unvaccinated group(2018-2019:χ^(2)=4.801,P<0.028;2020-2021:χ^(2)=51.781,P<0.0001).The support rate of vaccination was higher in the vaccinated group than the unvaccinated group before and after the epidemic of COVID-19.The parameter was statistically significant(P<0.0001).Conclusions:The influenza vaccination rate of medical staff from influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Guizhou Province increased significantly after the epidemic of COVID-19,through compulsory and free vaccination and publicity and policy support should be strengthened to improve the vaccination rate of medical staff and give full play to the role of demonstration and leadership.